Abstract: Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the monthly average temperature and precipitation data of the 160 stations of the National Climate Center,and the soybean growth period data of Jilin province,this paper started from the northeast cold vortex（NECV）,which had an important impact on the weather and climate of crops during the growing season,and statistics on the climatological characteristics of the NECV activity in summer（May-September） from 1981 to 2018. The climatological characteristics of soybean fertility in Jilin Province in recent years and its response to different types of NECV（central-type and northern-type）were initially analyzed.Results showed that the NECV was a long-lasting and relatively frequent system with an average lifetime of about 5 days.More than one-third of the NECV in summer was concentrated in the region of 115°-130°E and 40°-55°N;the NECV was the most frequent in June and the least in August.The central-type NECV had the most significant influence on the circulation in the northeast China,which was conducive to the enhancement of the potential height in the Okhotsk Sea,the obvious meridional characteristics of the mid-high latitude circulation,and the transport of cold air from north to south;the northeast China was dominated by a negative geopotential height anomaly,which was conducive to the transport of airflow from the North Pacific to northeast China.When NECV days were active,the temperature during the sowing-flowering period of soybean in Jilin Province was lower,precipitation was more,and the days between fertility periods increased.In terms of mean temperature,during the sowing-flowering period,Yushu was mainly affected by the northern-type NECV,while Yanji was mainly affected by the central-type NECV;during the sowing-flowering period,Yanji was affected by both the northern-type and central-type NECV;the days between sowing and flowering were mainly affected by the northern-type NECV in Yushu and Huadian.In addition,the precipitation in Yushu and Yanji was mainly influenced by the central-type NECV during the seeding-sowing period and by the northern-type NECV during the seeding-flowering period.