Abstract: The construction of new power system is an important measure to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The differences between new power system and traditional power system are analyzed. Afterwards, the understanding of new power system is discribed from multiple angles, and the typical characteristics of new power system are put forward. Finally, the main challenges for the construction of new power system are analyzed from the management, economy and technology, which will be a kind of reference for the planning and research of new power system.