Abstract: A method for scheduling adaptive and robust emergency maintenance plans for urban power distribution systems is proposed to enhance flexibility and adaptability in coping with various uncertainties and emergencies. Initially,a maintenance model for distribution network components is established based on the concept of defense-attack-defense.With a pre-disaster limited maintenance budget in mind, the decision maker for defense considers potential attack scenarios and selects specific lines and generators within the distribution system for maintenance. Conversely, the attacker evaluates optimal operation strategies that the defender may adopt, and accordingly selects lines and generators to target within the constraints of a limited attack budget. Leveraging both defense and attack strategies, operators can optimize post-disaster operation strategies to minimize the impact of an attack. This process involves constructing a three-layer two-stage adaptive robust optimization model. To address distribution network component strengthening while considering both pre-disaster reinforcement strategies and post-disaster operation strategies, a column and constraint generation algorithm is employed to solve the problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is validated using the IEEE RTS-96 test system,providing robust support for the safe and stable operation of urban power distribution systems.