Introduction  Most of the completed offshore wind farms in the world are located in shallow water (water depth < 30 m), mainly based on fixed foundations such as monopiles. With the increasingly mature wind power technology, offshore wind power gradually shifts towards the trend of large unit, and the foundation diameter of single-pile offshore wind turbines will also increase as the wind turbine become larger. The environmental loads and soil conditions are becoming more and more stringent. The study on pile-soil interaction of large-diameter monopile offshore wind turbines has become one of the key technical issues of offshore wind power technology.

  Method  The impact of different pile-soil models on the dynamic response of large monopile offshore wind turbines in shallow water areas with 10 MW large offshore wind turbines was studied.

  Result  The results show that the macro element method considers the nonlinear stiffness and plasticity, thus the sum of power spectral density near the characteristic frequency of the macro element method is large, which demonstrates the great advantages of the macro element method over other traditional pile-soil models.

  Conclusion  The study of this paper has far-reaching theoretical value and engineering application prospects for the overall safe operation of wind turbine.