Abstract: Aiming at the thermal runaway of lithium ion battery and fire fighting technology, the existing types of fire extinguishing agents are introduced, their fire extinguishing mechanism and advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, the mechanism and evolution process of thermal runaway of lithium ion battery are studied, and the future of lithium ion battery fire extinguishing agents is prospected.The research results show that these fire extinguishing agents meet the basic characteristics of extinguishing open fire when dealing with lithium-ion battery fires, but there are still different degrees of reignition risk, fire extinguishing time and flame retardant effect are not the same, in addition some fire extinguishing agents will have a negative impact on the environment and equipment after use. Therefore, the development of new fire extinguishing agents with high efficiency, environmental protection and anti-reignition characteristics is an inevitable trend of future research.