Abstract: In order to further improve the recovery and utilization efficiency of urban rail train regenerative braking energy, a structure of urban rail train traction power supply system based on distributed ground hybrid energy storage is designed through the analysis of system functional requirements, and the power supply network, train traction and energy storage system models are established. Moreover, aiming at the problem that low pass filtering leads to a large amount of power exchange between lithium batteries and supercapacitors, a stepped power allocation method with supercapacitor compensation is proposed.This method has small computation and strong real-time performance, and can avoid the internal power circulation of the hybrid energy storage system. Combined with the proposed model and strategy, MATLAB Simulink is used to simulate.The results validate that the energy utilization efficiency of the hybrid energy storage system is improved by 1.39%, the voltage regulation rate is increased by 12.75% and the energy saving rate is increased by 6.72%.