Research on Frequency Stability of Power System with High Penetration Renewable Energy: A Review

As a key carrier of the "dual-carbon" strategic goal, the power system with high penetration renewable energy is characterized by low inertia level, poor frequency regulation capability, and weak disturbance immunity, bringing new challenges to frequency security and stability. It is urgently needed to understand the frequency stability patterns in the energy transition context. Following the sequence of "feature modeling, mechanism analysis, stability evaluation, and frequency control", we provide a concise overview of recent international and domestic research and applications. Firstly, we sort out the characteristics of existing definitions of frequency stabilization and derive them into a generalized concept of frequency stabilization that takes into account transient frequency safety. We analyze the characteristic modeling methods from two viewpoints: system-wide frequency and network node frequency, and summarize the evaluation methods and criteria for assessing frequency stability, global frequency security, node frequency security, and nodal inertia security. Additionally, we outline the control strategies involving multiple entities encompassing generation, grid, load, and energy storage in system frequency control, focusing on the distinctive features of associated frequency control measures. Combining current research progress, we present the forward-looking insights into the future directions of frequency feature modeling, mechanism evaluation, and coordinated control for the power system with high penetration renewable energy.