张润铭, 王立军, 王聪, 高荷笑, 刘心怡. 真空电弧中不同倾斜角度的阴极射流下阴极斑点弧坑形成和发展的建模仿真[J]. 高电压技术, 2025, 51(1): 438-449. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20240168
引用本文: 张润铭, 王立军, 王聪, 高荷笑, 刘心怡. 真空电弧中不同倾斜角度的阴极射流下阴极斑点弧坑形成和发展的建模仿真[J]. 高电压技术, 2025, 51(1): 438-449. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20240168
ZHANG Runming, WANG Lijun, WANG Cong, GAO Hexiao, LIU Xinyi. Modeling and Simulation on the Formation and Development of Cathode Spot Crater Under Inclined Cathode Jet with Different Angles in Vacuum Arc[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2025, 51(1): 438-449. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20240168
Citation: ZHANG Runming, WANG Lijun, WANG Cong, GAO Hexiao, LIU Xinyi. Modeling and Simulation on the Formation and Development of Cathode Spot Crater Under Inclined Cathode Jet with Different Angles in Vacuum Arc[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2025, 51(1): 438-449. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20240168

真空电弧中不同倾斜角度的阴极射流下阴极斑点弧坑形成和发展的建模仿真

Modeling and Simulation on the Formation and Development of Cathode Spot Crater Under Inclined Cathode Jet with Different Angles in Vacuum Arc

  • 摘要: 在真空电弧中,当存在复合磁场或特殊电极结构时,其阴极射流通常会发生倾斜。通过仿真分析此种情况下阴极斑点的形成和发展过程,有助于了解倾斜阴极射流下阴极烧蚀的机理。为此建立三维不对称模型来研究真空电弧中不同倾斜角度的阴极射流下阴极斑点的形成和发展过程。该模型包括质量、动量、传热(能量)、电流连续性和电势方程,采用能流密度、压力和电流值作为外加参数。仿真结果比较了不同倾斜角度的阴极射流下阴极斑点弧坑的烧蚀形貌、阴极温度、液态金属速度以及阴极内部电流密度。研究结果表明,倾斜的阴极射流会使得阴极表面出现椭圆形状的弧坑形貌,并且当阴极射流与电极之间的夹角α越小时,椭圆弧坑的长轴越长。当α为30°时,液态金属液滴会首先更多地出现在与能量流入方向相反的方向上,随着电极的熔化,弧坑表面会形成一个“屏障”,阻碍了液态金属液滴的产生,随后液态金属液滴会更多地出现在能量流入的方向。α越小,能流通量与阴极金属之间的接触面积越大,这也使得阴极温度和液态金属速度的最大值都越大。仿真结果与其他研究人员的实验结果相符。

     

    Abstract: In a vacuum arc, when there is a composite magnetic field or a special electrode structure, the cathode jet usually inclines. By simulating and analyzing the formation and development of cathode spots in this case, it is helpful to understand the mechanism of cathode erosion under inclined cathode jet. Therefore, we proposed a three-dimensional asymmetric model to study the formation and development of cathode spots under inclined cathode jet at different angles in a vacuum arc. The model includes mass, momentum, heat transfer (energy), current continuity and potential equations. Peak energy flux density, peak pressure and current value are adopted as external parameters. According to the simulation results, we compared the morphology of the cathode spot crater, the temperature of the cathode, the velocity of the liquid metal, and the current density inside the cathode under inclined cathode jet at different angles α. Results show that the smaller α between cathode jet and electrode facilitates the formation of longer major axis of the elliptical spot crater. When α is 30 degrees, the metal droplets appear more in the direction opposite to the energy inflow direction at first. As the electrode is increasingly melted, a barrier is naturally formed to prevent the metal droplets from that side, and the subsequent metal droplets appear more in the direction of energy inflow. The maximum value of the cathode temperature and the liquid metal velocity increases when α becomes smaller. This is because the smaller α leads to the larger contact area between the energy flux and the cathode metal. The simulation results are in good agreement with other researchers' results.

     

/

返回文章
返回