Abstract: Internal arc faults in transformers may cause serious damage to the transformer oil tank body and internal components. In order to meet the high fault energy demand of transformers, we enhanced the anti-explosion performance of transformer oil tanks by installing porous materials. The mechanical properties of three porous materials were investigated under low-speed and high-speed impacts, respectively. The energy absorption and anti-explosion characteristics of three cell structures for explosive loads in fuel tanks were compared, and the optimal cell structure for application in explosion-proof fuel tanks was analyzed. It is found that regular concave hexagonal porous materials can effectively resist the first shock wave peak generated by the explosion inside the transformer oil tank. And the diamond-shaped porous material can be continuously compressed under the subsequent explosion shock wave, thereby reducing the working pressure of the transformer oil tank pressure relief valve. Moreover, the rationality of the research conclusions in this paper was verified through low-speed compression tests and drop hammer impact tests.