Abstract: Wind turbine blades are highly susceptible to ice overlay under complex low-temperature meteorological conditions, and problems such as wind turbine shutdown or structural damage caused by ice overlay have been troubling the development of the wind power industry. This paper simulates the water droplet impact characteristics on the wind turbine surface under different environmental conditions, analyses the influence of the growth of blade ice accumulation on its aerodynamic characteristics, and combines the field wind turbine ice-covering observation experiments for comparative verification. The results show that, when the median diameter of water droplets is between 20 µm and 40 µm, the variation of water droplet collision rate of the blade is larger, and the growth rate of water droplet collision rate decreases when the wind speed is between 8 m/s and 10 m/s; the reduction of the airfoil thickness leads to the reduction of the collision range of the water droplets, while the local collision rate at the stationary point gradually increases. The maximum lift-resistance ratios of the clean and streamlined ice airfoils are very close to each other; after reaching the maximum value of the lift-resistance ratio of the streamlined ice airfoil (critical angle of attack), the ratio decreases with the increase of the angle of attack, whereas the angular ice airfoil lift-resistance ratio reaches its maximum value at a relatively smaller critical angle of attack. The stall angle of attack of the airfoil with ice decreases relative to the ice-free condition; relative to the clean airfoil, the streamlined ice airfoil has a power reduction of 18.5% after 2.8 h of ice cover, and the angular ice airfoil has a power reduction of up to 76.8% in the case of ice cover. The results of this paper can provide data accumulation and technical reference for the performance analysis of wind turbines under ice-covered conditions.