Abstract: The advancement in communication and power electronics technologies, as well as the energy transition, brings about a major transformation of power system; meanwhile, the multi-variant uncertainty of power system is also introduced in the potential resilience operation during extreme events by the diversification of power generation entities, flexibility of grid structure, and diversification of load types. By discussing the potentials and challenges induced by the penetration of massive heterogeneous resources in the context of power system resilience enhancement, this paper demonstrates the multi-source uncertainties as the critical causes limiting the resilience enhancement. On this premise, the relevant study on the contribution of massive resources to the resilience enhancement is reviewed. The research framework of multi-source uncertainties under extreme events is then presented, along with a summary of the relevant optimization modeling techniques. Finally, the paper puts forward the prospects in future study so as to provide a reference for the resilience enhancement problems in the presence of multi-source uncertainties.