Abstract: Energy consumption estimation and optimization of energy storage power stations are the key technologies to improve the energy efficiency and economy of power stations. This paper analyzes the working characteristics and energy consumption rules of battery system, energy storage PCS, transformer and auxiliary power consumption system during the operation of electrochemical energy storage power station, and establishes the energy consumption model of energy storage unit and auxiliary power consumption system. On the basis of the load rate, characteristic quantities such as current and temperature are introdued into the energy consumption model of the energy storage unit and auxiliary power system to adapt to the multi-condition application scenarios of the energy storage power station, and to improve the accuracy of the model for energy consumption estimation; meanwhile, the model has been applied and verified in a 100-megawatt energy storage power station on the grid side in a certain region. The results show that the average error between the energy consumption model established in this paper and the real data is 0.6%, which can effectively estimate the energy efficiency level of the energy storage power station. Compared with the existing power station strategies, when the load rate is lower than 50%, the power distribution strategy based on the energy consumption model can improve the energy efficiency of the energy storage power station by 0.6%~10.7%, and effectively improve the operating economy of the power station by reducing the energy consumption of the power station.