Abstract: With the development of 'the new infrastructure' in China, the infrastructure construction including 5G communication, ultra-high voltage transmission, intercity transportation, charging piles for new energy vehicles, big data center, artificial intelligence and industrial internet of things have been confirmed. By demonstrating the present situation and the tendency of 'new infrastructure', considering the unbalanced distribution of resources and the population in our country, in combination with the advantages of ultra-high voltage transmission technology and the implementation of 'emission peak, carbon neutrality' in China, the opportunity and prospects of ultra-high voltage transmission technology under the 'new infrastructure' are presented. The results show that, though energy consumption and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) rank top in the world, the GDP per capita and energy consumption per capita in China are much lower compared with the developed countries. Given that the CO₂ emission ranks first in the world, China faces the dual pressure of economic development and environmental protection. On the one hand, as new economic growth points, the 'new infrastructure' with 5G communication and artificial intelligence will bring considerable energy construction demands for China. The ultra-high voltage transmission technology will play an important role in China's 'West-east power transmission' energy strategy, providing energy security for the 'new infrastructure', flexible consumption and deployment of renewable energy for 'emission peak, carbon neutrality'. On the other hand, the new technologies including 5G communication, artificial intelligence and industrial internet of things in the 'new infrastructure' will promote the ultra-high voltage transmission technology. With the development of 'new infrastructure', ultra-high voltage transmission technology faces new energy construction and environment protection demands, promotes the development of the electrical industry and national economy in China, and provides an effective solution for achieving the goal of 'emission peak, carbon neutrality'.