Abstract: In order to improve the selectivity and controllability of biodiesel hydrogenation, a technical solution based on DBD plasma reaction technology for selective hydrogenation of biodiesel under conditions of normal temperature and pressure was proposed, and a coaxial cylindrical structure DBD hydrogenation reactor was designed. The effects of voltage, frequency, discharge area length, and gas flow rate on the load characteristics and working performance of the reactor were discussed, and the performance evaluation index and operating parameters selection criterion of the DBD plasma reactor were established. The results show that, with the increase of the power frequency, the load voltage of reactor first increases and then decreases, showing a significant series resonance characteristics; the C_d/L curves match well at three different lengths of discharge area, indicating that the discharge is evenly distributed in the effective area inside the discharge tube; the discharge power of the DBD reactor first increases and then decreases with the increase of the gas flow rate. Excited particles can be easily quenched by excessive gas renewal in the discharge area, thus the number of ionized gas molecules per unit time will be reduced, therefore, the gas flow rate should be control within the appropriate range when biodiesel hydrogenation is conducted. With soybean methyl ester (SME) as raw material and Raney-Ni as catalyst, the confirmatory experiments were carried out. The results show that the conversion rate of polyunsaturated components is 57.04%, and polyunsaturated components are hydrogenated to monounsaturated components with a selectivity of 77.75%, which confirms the feasibility of selective hydrogenation of biodiesel under DBD plasma reaction conditions.