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- 摘要：[Objectives] To address the issues of significant pipeline network losses in the steam heating system and the uneven steam parameters of heat users, a steam heating system based on recompression is proposed to reduce pipeline network losses and improve operational benefits.[Methods] By establishing a coupled simulation model of the steam heating system and the steam compressor, a comprehensive quantitative analysis is conducted on the thermal and economic performance of the system. The influence of key factors such as the degree of pressure reduction and temperature drop on the system performance is also explored.[Results] Compared with the conventional steam heating system, the maximum reduction in pipeline heat loss of the recompressed steam heating system is 10.59%, with an average reduction of 9.62%. The heat loss power of the steam pipeline network decreases by 110.22 kW. The return period of the new equipment for this system is 3.65 years. Under the condition of the 25-year service life of the units, the net present value of the system can reach 7.533 million yuan.[Conclusions] The system utilizes a steam compressor to perform steam recompression for local heat users. In doing so, it not only improves the steam parameters of heat users, but also effectively reduces the heating parameters of the main pipeline and the heat loss in the pipeline network, thereby enhancing the economic performance of the system. The proposed system provides a new approach for improving the comprehensive performance of the steam heating system.关键词：thermal power generation, combined heat and power units, steam heating system, steam compressor, steam recompression, steam pipeline network, heat loss17|32|0更新时间：2026-06-01
- 摘要：[Objectives] To address the challenge of economic evaluation for the configuration of large temperature difference units in long-distance heating networks, this study proposes the concept of economic distance. The aim is to quantitatively analyze the applicability of configuring large temperature difference units with different network distances through a techno-economic optimization model. [Methods] Based on the life cycle cost analysis, an economic model is established, incorporating investment and installation costs and operational costs. By integrating hydraulic and thermal constraints of the network, a bi-level optimization framework comprising upper-level planning and design and lower-level operational strategies is developed. The framework couples a mechanistic model with a deep neural network surrogate model to achieve optimal solutions. A case study of a long-distance heating network is conducted to investigate the effects of return water temperature, pipe diameter, and heating load on the economic distance, and the economic distances for configuring large temperature difference units are obtained. [Results] The results indicate that the economic performance of configuring large temperature difference units significantly depends on network length, with a distinct economic distance existing. For a DN1000 pipe at a return water temperature of 30 ℃, the economic distance is 58.34 km. Beyond this distance, the savings in operational costs outweigh the increase in investment costs. The economic distance exhibits a non-linear correlation with pipe diameter. Excessively large or small pipe diameters will reduce the economic distance. An increase in either return water temperature or heating load will increase the economic distance. [Conclusions] This bi-level optimization framework enables quantitative evaluation of the economic distance for configuring large temperature difference units in long-distance heating networks, thereby providing decision-making support for techno-economic analysis in engineering planning.关键词：long-distance heating network, large temperature difference units, economic distance, techno-economic optimization, bi-level optimization, life cycle, deep neural network30|35|0更新时间：2026-06-01
- 摘要：[Objectives] The operation of a heating system composed of multiple heat sources within a certain region involves heating load distribution, and different heat load distribution schemes lead to different revenues. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the heating load of the heating system according to heating demands of users in order to maximize the overall revenue. [Methods] Given the heat load distribution optimization problems in a multi-heat-source heating system of a heat-supply enterprise, a simulation model of a coal-fired boiler back-pressure heating unit is established to determine the thermoelectric characteristics and energy consumption characteristics of the equipment. On this basis, with the objective of maximizing the economic revenue of the heat-supply enterprise, a heating load optimization model is developed based on grid search optimization algorithm, and this model is adopted to optimize the load distribution of the heating system. [Results] Compared with the conventional operation scheme, the optimized heating scheme increased the annual revenue by approximately 2.65 million yuan, with a maximum increase of 4.63% in the fuel utilization coefficient. [Conclusions] The grid search optimization algorithm can achieve rapid optimization of heating schemes for multi-heat-source heating systems, thereby providing guidance for the operation of units within the region.关键词：heating system, grid search optimization, multi-heat-source heating, heating load distribution, simulation modeling, operation optimization16|15|0更新时间：2026-06-01
- 摘要：[Objectives] Traditional power grids rely on the inertial response of synchronous generators to maintain frequency stability. However, the volatility, low inertia, and frequency regulation delay of photovoltaic (PV) generation exacerbate frequency fluctuations and lead to insufficient dynamic response under sudden changes in illumination or load disturbances. Moreover, the fixed parameters of conventional virtual synchronous generators (VSG) struggle to adapt to multiple operating conditions. To address these issues and enhance the frequency stability and dynamic regulation performance of PV-integrated power systems, this study focuses on adaptive optimization of the VSG moment of inertia and damping parameters. [Methods] First, a theoretical analysis was conducted to reveal the coupling influence of moment of inertia and damping coefficients on system stability. Based on this, a cooperative adaptive algorithm for inertia and damping was proposed. This algorithm dynamically adjusts the moment of inertia and damping values by real-time monitoring of frequency deviation and its rate of change: increasing inertia during the initial stage of frequency fluctuations to suppress overshoot, and reducing inertia during the recovery phase to accelerate regulation. Additionally, a band-pass damping power feedback loop was introduced to effectively suppress steady-state error. [Results] Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to conventional fixed-parameter control, the proposed strategy effectively reduces frequency overshoot, shortens regulation time, and achieves a smoother dynamic response. System stability under various operating conditions, such as sudden changes in illumination and load disturbances, is significantly improved. [Conclusions] The proposed cooperative adaptive control strategy for inertia and damping optimizes VSG parameters in real time based on system frequency dynamics, effectively mitigating frequency fluctuations in PV-integrated power systems. This provides a feasible technical approach for ensuring the stable operation of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy.关键词：virtual synchronous generato, moment of inertia, damping coefficient, adaptive control36|39|0更新时间：2026-06-01
- 摘要：[Objectives] Combining offshore wind power with multiple energy storage systems has become a key approach to enhancing operational flexibility, particularly in mitigating uncertainties across multiple time scales. To fully leverage historical data and improve multi-scale dispatchability, this paper proposes an evolutionary dispatch method for offshore wind power that accounts for multi-timescale non-anticipativity. [Methods] First, a data-driven scenario probability distribution model is developed to characterize seasonal and intra-day uncertainties in wind generation and load demand. Second, a hybrid storage coordination model integrating hydrogen and electrochemical storage is established to enable both seasonal energy shifting and fast power regulation. Finally, a three-layer framework pre-scheduling generation, control evolution, and real-time scheduling is designed, to dynamically link long-term planning with short-term operations. [Results] Case studies using Belgian Elia system data demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances power supply flexibility and reduces load loss while satisfying non-anticipativity constraints. [Conclusions] The findings provide theoretical and methodological support for long-term operation simulation and scheduling optimization in high-renewable power systems.关键词：海上风电;不确定性;多时间尺度;非预期性;演化调度18|19|0更新时间：2026-06-01
- 摘要：[Objectives] The energy storage thermal management technology is iterating rapidly, and the cooling method used by mainstream companies has recently transitioned from air cooling to indirect liquid cooling, while submerged liquid cooling technology is moving from demonstration to application. However, the advantages of immersion liquid cooling in economy and other aspects have not been discussed in depth. Therefore, this paper compares three common thermal management systems and compares the differences of different thermal management systems by selecting indicators such as weight/volume group efficiency, temperature rise/temperature difference and operation and maintenance process. [Methods] Based on the investigation of the energy storage system, an economic model was established to consider the characteristics of the energy storage thermal management system, including the impact of battery capacity attenuation, and compared the cost, net present value, dynamic investment payback period, and internal rate of return. The parameter sensitivity of the index was analyzed. [Results] Under long-term operation, the internal rate of return of the system applying immersion liquid cooling in the same scale energy storage power station increased by 3.2% compared with the indirect liquid cooling system and 9.1% compared with the immersion liquid cooling system, and it can maintain a stable rate of return in the case of market fluctuations. [Conclusions] The yield of energy storage systems is sensitive to the difference between peak and valley electricity prices, and the yield of submerged liquid cooling is more stable in the event of market fluctuations. The results can provide reference for the construction and operation of energy storage power stations.关键词：energy storage power station, lithium ion battery, electrochemical energy storage, thermal management system, immersion cooling, economic analysis26|37|0更新时间：2026-06-01
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