液氢容器夹层真空失效传热机理及规律研究

刘金武; 姬茹一; 叶建军; 董巧莹; 贺尧; 邵凯斌

doi:doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1876

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液氢容器夹层真空失效传热机理及规律研究

更新时间：2026-03-06

- 液氢容器夹层真空失效传热机理及规律研究
- Vol. 47, Issue 2, Pages: 782-789(2026)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
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- DOI：doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1876
  CLC： TK91
- Online First：05 March 2026，
  
  Published：05 March 2026
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刘金武, 姬茹一, 叶建军, et al. 液氢容器夹层真空失效传热机理及规律研究[J]. 2026, 47(2): 782-789.
DOI：

刘金武, 姬茹一, 叶建军, et al. 液氢容器夹层真空失效传热机理及规律研究[J]. 2026, 47(2): 782-789. DOI： doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1876.

摘要

以多层绝热结构低温液氢容器为研究对象

基于逐层传热算法（Layer-by-Layer

LBL）理论构建多层绝热低温容器三维等效传热模型

分析不同真空度下液氢容器各结构温度分布特性

揭示真空度对液氢容器传热特性的影响机理

进而构建真空失效工况与温度分布规律的关联关系。研究结果表明：液氢容器两侧封头温度高于中央罐体区域。当真空度为10-2~1 Pa时

液氢容器中多层绝热结构主要依赖热辐射进行传热。当夹层真空度由1 Pa逐渐失效至104 Pa时

热传导效应开始体现并逐渐占据传热主导地位

外容器壁面温度从291.34 K降至275.78 K。当真空度由104 Pa失效至105 Pa时

绝热结构内气体分子数目增多

真空层内高低温气体分子团流动加剧

显著促进对流换热在热量传递中的作用

进而导致外容器外壁面温度转为上升趋势

增幅约4.01 K。真空度与温度分布规律的关联关系将有助于探究真空失效对传热机理的影响规律

并实现多层绝热液氢容器的真空度监测。

Abstract

Taking a multi-layer insulation structure cryogenic liquid hydrogen tank as the research object

an equivalent heat transfer model of the insulation structure was constructed based on the Layer by Layer theory. The temperature distribution characteristics of each structure of the liquid hydrogen tank under different vacuum degrees were analyzed

revealing the mechanism of the influence of vacuum degree on the heat transfer characteristics of the liquid hydrogen tank. The correlation between vacuum failure conditions and temperature distribution laws was then established. The results show that the temperature of the head on both sides of the liquid hydrogen tank is higher than that of the central tank area. When the vacuum degree is 10~1 Pa

the multi-layer insulation structure in the liquid hydrogen tank mainly relies on thermal radiation for heat transfer. When the vacuum degree of the interlayer gradually fails from 1 Pa to 10 Pa

the heat conduction effect begins to manifest and gradually dominates the heat transfer

and the wall temperature of the outer tank will decrease from 291.34 K to 275.78 K. When the vacuum degree deteriorates from 10 Pa to 10 Pa

the number of gas molecules in the adiabatic structure increases

and the flow of high and low-temperature gas molecules in the vacuum layer intensifies

which significantly promotes the role of convection heat transfer in heat transfer

resulting in a temperature rise of about 4.01 K on the outer wall surface of the liquid hydrogen tank. The correlation between vacuum degree and temperature distribution will help to explore the impact of vacuum failure on the heat transfer mechanism and achieve vacuum monitoring for multi-layer insulated liquid hydrogen tanks.

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