YOLO-DSBF：一种新的太阳电池缺陷识别方法

何羿颉; 楚瀛; 夏能弘; 江正源; 李曦

doi:doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1226

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YOLO-DSBF：一种新的太阳电池缺陷识别方法

更新时间：2025-12-10

- YOLO-DSBF：一种新的太阳电池缺陷识别方法
- Issue 11, Pages: 280-288(2025)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
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- DOI：doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1226
  CLC： M914
- Published Online：04 December 2025，
  
  Published：04 December 2025
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何羿颉, 楚瀛, 夏能弘, et al. YOLO-DSBF：一种新的太阳电池缺陷识别方法[J]. 2025, (11): 280-288.
DOI：

何羿颉, 楚瀛, 夏能弘, et al. YOLO-DSBF：一种新的太阳电池缺陷识别方法[J]. 2025, (11): 280-288. DOI： doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1226.

摘要

针对当前太阳电池缺陷检测模型存在识别精度低、检测不准确等问题

该文提出一种新的太阳电池缺陷识别方法YOLO-DSBF。首先

将YOLOv8头部网络中的C2f层融合动态蛇形卷积（DSConv）设计C2f_DSConv模块

使其能够自适应聚焦于细长局部缺陷;其次

在颈部网络中引入动态稀疏注意力机制（BiFormer）实现更灵活的内容识别和计算调配

提升模型的特征提取能力;然后

针对微小缺陷点

添加小目标检测层

降低漏检率;最后

采用GIoU损失函数替代原有的综合交并比（CIoU）损失函数

有效提升算法的回归性能。实验结果表明

相较于基准模型YOLOv8n

该模型mAP@0.5、mAP@0.5：0.95、精确度分别提升5.64%、5%、13.29%。该模型对比其他检测模型

在不增大模型尺寸的同时提高了检测精度

能更好的适用于太阳电池缺陷检测任务。

Abstract

Addressing the prevalent issues of low recognition accuracy and inaccurate detection in current solar cell defect detection models

this paper introduces a novel method

YOLO-DSBF

for solar cell defect detection. Firstly

the C2f layer in the YOLOv8 head network is integrated with Dynamic Snake Convolution （DSConv） to create the C2f_DSConv module

which enables adaptive focusing on elongated local defects. Secondly

a dynamic sparse attention mechanism （BiFormer） is incorporated into the neck network

facilitating more flexible computation allocation and content awareness

thereby enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities. Subsequently

a small object detection layer is introduced to target micro-defects

effectively mitigating the missed detection rate. Lastly

replacing the original CIoU loss function with the GIoU loss function effectively enhances the regression performance of the algorithm. Experimental results reveal that

in comparison to the baseline model YOLOv8n

the proposed model exhibits improvements of 5.64%

and 13.29% in mAP@0.5

mAP@0.5：0.95

and precision

respectively. Without increasing the model size

this model surpasses other detection models in detection accuracy

rendering it more appropriate for solar cell defect detection tasks.

关键词

Keywords

references

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