Effects of surface smooth-strip distribution on aerodynamic characteristics in rarefied transition flow

Li Shaojie; Fan Guochao; Jin Xuhong; Shao Chun; Jiang Zhongzheng

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0141

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Effects of surface smooth-strip distribution on aerodynamic characteristics in rarefied transition flow

更新时间：2026-10-14

- Effects of surface smooth-strip distribution on aerodynamic characteristics in rarefied transition flow
- Vol. 44, Issue 8, Pages: 127-139(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 杭州电子科技大学机械工程学院,杭州,310018
  2. 中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京,100074
  3. 浙江大学航空航天学院,杭州,310027
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0141
  CLC： V211.3;O356
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李绍杰, 樊国超, 靳旭红, 等. 表面光滑条带分布对稀薄过渡流气动特性影响研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(8): 127−139.

Li Shaojie, Fan Guochao, Jin Xuhong, et al. Effects of surface smooth-strip distribution on aerodynamic characteristics in rarefied transition flow[J]. 2026, 44(8): 127-139.
李绍杰, 樊国超, 靳旭红, 等. 表面光滑条带分布对稀薄过渡流气动特性影响研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(8): 127−139. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0141

Li Shaojie, Fan Guochao, Jin Xuhong, et al. Effects of surface smooth-strip distribution on aerodynamic characteristics in rarefied transition flow[J]. 2026, 44(8): 127-139. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0141.

摘要

表面粗糙度对高速飞行器气动力热特性有重要影响，降低表面粗糙度是减阻降热的有效途径之一。为在有限加工面积约束下最大化抛光区域的减阻降热收益，本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法对表面具有分布式光滑条带的平板与钝锥两类外形开展过渡流区氮气来流的数值模拟。通过分子动力学模拟获取理想光滑表面的适应系数，并以完全漫反射模型表征常规粗糙区域，由此构建空间非均匀适应系数边界条件，分别对应不同粗糙度尺度的上下限，从而探究表面粗糙度空间分布对飞行器气动特性的影响机理。结果表明：光滑条带可导致飞行器表面边界层流动重新发展，进而在光滑/粗糙表面过渡区域产生摩阻与热流的损失或突跃现象。对于飞行器端头、前缘等摩阻上升的小尺度区域，应在当地中部区域布置多个连续或间隔分布的光滑条带，以充分利用过渡区域的摩阻与热流损失；对于飞行器身部等摩阻热流下降的大面积区域，若当地流动攻角较大，应将光滑条带连续布置于飞行器后部，以尽量避免过渡区域的摩阻与热流突跃；反之，若当地流动攻角较小，则应将光滑条带连续布置于飞行器前部。本研究可为高速飞行器表面抛光区域的空间布局设计提供理论依据和数值参考。

Abstract

Surface roughness significantly affects the aerodynamic and thermal characteristics of high-speed vehicles

and reducing surface roughness is an effective approach for drag reduction and thermal protection. To maximize the drag and heat flux reduction benefits of smooth areas under the constraint of limited surface treatment area

the direct simulation Monte Carlo method was employed to simulate the transition flow regime for two typical geometries: a plate and a blunted cone with distributed smooth strips. The accommodation coefficient of the smooth surface was obtained via molecular dynamics simulations

while the completely diffuse reflection model was used to represent the conventional rough regions. In this manner

the surface characteristics corresponding to the lower and upper bounds of roughness were characterized

and spatially nonuniform accommodation-coefficient boundary conditions were established to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the spatial distribution of surface roughness on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle. The results show that smooth strips can induce the redevelopment of the boundary-layer flow over the vehicle surface

resulting in friction and heat-flux losses or abrupt changes in the transition regions between smooth and rough surfaces. For small regions

such as the vehicle nose and leading edge

where skin friction increases

multiple continuous or discrete smooth strips should be distributed in the central part of the local region to fully exploit the friction and heat-flux losses associated with the transition regions. For large regions

such as the vehicle body

where skin friction and heat flux decrease

the smooth strips should be arranged continuously in the downstream part of the local region when the local flow angle of attack is relatively large

thereby minimizing abrupt changes in friction and heat flux across the transition regions. Conversely

when the local flow angle of attack is relatively small

the smooth strips should be arranged continuously in the upstream part of the local region. This study provides a theoretical basis and numerical reference for the spatial layout design of polished regions on high-speed vehicle surfaces.

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references

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