Investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis airfoils and the influence mechanism of pitch moment

Li Xinkai; Liao Caicai; Liu Xin; Qin Zhiwen; Sun Manjie; Lin Songqing; You Liang; Ji Jiehong

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0052

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Investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis airfoils and the influence mechanism of pitch moment

更新时间：2026-07-11

- Investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis airfoils and the influence mechanism of pitch moment
- Vol. 44, Issue 6, Pages: 77-90(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司,北京,102209
  2. 国家能源海上风电工程与运行技术研发中心,北京,102209
  3. 华能汕头海门发电有限责任公司,汕头,515132
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0052
  CLC： TK83;V211.4
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李新凯, 廖猜猜, 刘鑫, 等. 垂直轴翼型气动特性与变桨力矩影响机制研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(6): 77−90.

Li Xinkai, Liao Caicai, Liu Xin, et al. Investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis airfoils and the influence mechanism of pitch moment[J]. 2026, 44(6): 77-90.
李新凯, 廖猜猜, 刘鑫, 等. 垂直轴翼型气动特性与变桨力矩影响机制研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(6): 77−90. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0052

Li Xinkai, Liao Caicai, Liu Xin, et al. Investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis airfoils and the influence mechanism of pitch moment[J]. 2026, 44(6): 77-90. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0052.

摘要

针对大容量垂直轴风力机旋转过程中的强非定常动态失速问题，以及翼型气动选型与变桨系统设计之间缺乏匹配准则的工程需求，本文开展了翼型气动特性及变桨轴心位置对变桨力矩的影响规律研究。采用考虑转捩的 Transition SST 四方程湍流模型与滑移网格技术，建立兆瓦级 H 形双叶片垂直轴风力机高精度非定常数值计算模型，并采用高雷诺数斜坡型俯仰动态失速经典实验数据验证了方法的可靠性。针对 NACA0021、S1046、DU250 3款典型翼型，系统分析了设计尖速比

= 6 工况下的气动性能，以及 7 组弦向、2 组径向偏移变桨位置对应的变桨力矩全周期特性。结果表明：非对称翼型 DU250 风能捕获效率最优，功率系数（

）达 0.410，较 NACA0021 提升 6.77%，但其扭矩与变桨力矩幅值最大；S1046 翼型可实现发电效率与载荷稳定性的最优平衡；0.25 倍弦长位置为变桨转轴最优理论设计位置，可显著降低变桨力矩幅值与波动，径向偏移会显著放大变桨力矩。本文研究揭示了翼型几何特征对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响机理，量化了变桨位置与变桨力矩的映射关系，可为大容量变桨型垂直轴风力机在设计尖速比附近的气动优化设计提供理论支撑。

Abstract

To address the issue of strong unsteady dynamic stall during the rotation of large-capacity vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs)

as well as the lack of matching criteria between airfoil aerodynamic selection and pitch system design in engineering applications

this study conducts a comparative analysis of airfoil aerodynamic characteristics and investigates the influence of pitching

axis positions on the pitching moment. A high-precision unsteady numerical model for a megawatt-scale H-type double-blade VAWT is established using the Transition SST four-equation turbulence model with consideration of flow transition

combined with sliding mesh technology. The reliability of the method is validated against classical experimental data of high-Reynolds-number ramp-type pitching dynamic stall. The aerodynamic performance of three typical airfoils (NACA0021

S1046

and DU250) is systematically analyzed at a design tip speed ratio

= 6. Furthermore

the full-cycle characteristics of the pitching moment corresponding to seven chordwise and two radial offset pitching axis positions are examined. The results indicate that the asymmetric airfoil DU250 achieves the highest wind energy capture efficiency

with a power coefficient (

) of 0.410

which is 6.77% higher than that of NACA0021. However

DU250 also exhibits the largest amplitudes of torque and pitching moment. The S1046 airfoil offers the optimal balance between power generation efficiency and load stability. The position at 0.25 times the chord length is identified as the theoretically optimal pitch axis location

significantly reducing both the amplitude and fluctuation of the pitching moment. Radial offset significantly amplifies the pitching moment. This study reveals the influence mechanism of airfoil geometric characteristics on the aerodynamic performance of VAWTs and quantifies the mapping relationship between pitch axis position and pitching moment. The findings provide theoretical support for the aerodynamic optimization design of large-capacity pitch-controlled VAWTs near the design tip speed ratio.

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