Meso-micro-scale numerical simulation in marine wind environments considering air-sea coupling

Sun Yukun; Ma Xiandong; Wang Tongguang; Wang Long; Wang Meilin

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0148

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Meso-micro-scale numerical simulation in marine wind environments considering air-sea coupling

更新时间：2026-07-11

- Meso-micro-scale numerical simulation in marine wind environments considering air-sea coupling
- Vol. 44, Issue 6, Pages: 123-132(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京,210016
  2. 兰卡斯特大学工程学院，兰卡斯特　LA14YW
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0148
  CLC： TK81
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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孙钰锟, 马献东, 王同光, 等. 考虑海气耦合的海洋风环境中-微尺度数值模拟[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(6): 123−132.

Sun Yukun, Ma Xiandong, Wang Tongguang, et al. Meso-micro-scale numerical simulation in marine wind environments considering air-sea coupling[J]. 2026, 44(6): 123-132.
孙钰锟, 马献东, 王同光, 等. 考虑海气耦合的海洋风环境中-微尺度数值模拟[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(6): 123−132. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0148

Sun Yukun, Ma Xiandong, Wang Tongguang, et al. Meso-micro-scale numerical simulation in marine wind environments considering air-sea coupling[J]. 2026, 44(6): 123-132. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0148.

摘要

独立中尺度数值天气研究与预报（weather research and forecasting

WRF）模式在输出风速特征时，忽略了波浪传播和海流演变引起的海表变形对三维风场湍流结构的调制作用，无法输出秒级分辨率的脉动风速。针对这一问题，本文构建了一种基于WRF模式、近岸波浪模拟（simulating waves nearshore

SWAN）模型、区域海洋模式系统（regional ocean modeling system

ROMS）和大涡模拟（large eddy simulation

LES）耦合的中-微尺度多层嵌套风-浪-流数值模拟方法（WRF-SWAN-ROMS-LES），并开发了中尺度强迫源驱动的中-微尺度耦合软件框架Marine_CFD。利用该方法，对比分析了中尺度海气耦合的大气模式（coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport

COAWST）与独立大气模式（WRF和WRF_SST）在风速模拟上的差异，并验证了微尺度大涡模拟在再现湍流脉动方面的有效性。结果表明，风-浪-流耦合模型对海上风速演变过程的刻画具有更高的精度：在 38 m 高度处，COAWST模式的皮尔逊相关系数为0.789，高于WRF的0.733和WRF_SST模式的0.735，说明COAWST模式对海洋风速演变模拟更具优势。在微尺度模拟中，通过引入中尺度大气场的速度和位温等三维时空分布信息，驱动微尺度大涡模拟，其输出风速序列整体位于 LES 脉动风速曲线的中间区域，并且能够有效保持秒级的高频脉动特征。

Abstract

The independent meso-scale weather research and forecasting (WRF) model neglects the modulation effects of sea surface deformation on the turbulent structure of the three-dimensional wind field. This sea surface deformation is induced by wave propagation and ocean current evolution. Consequently

the WRF model cannot output second-scale fluctuating wind speeds. To address this problem

this paper establishes a coupled meso-micro-scale multi-layer nested wind-wave-current numerical simulation method. This method is based on the WRF model

simulating waves nearshore (SWAN)

regional ocean modeling system (ROMS) and large eddy simulation coupling framework (WRF-SWAN-ROMS-LES). Additionally

a coupled software platform

Marine_CFD

is developed to enable mesoscale forcing-driven meso-micro-scale coupling. Using this method

we conduct a comparative analysis of wind speed simulation performance among three models. These models include the meso-scale air-sea coupled atmospheric model

namely the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model

and the standalone atmospheric models

namely the WRF model and the WRF_SST model. The effectiveness of the micro-scale large eddy simulation in reproducing turbulent fluctuations is also verified. The results indicate that the wind-wave-current coupled model achieves higher accuracy in characterizing the evolutionary process of offshore wind speeds. At the height of 38 m

the Pearson correlation coefficient of the COAWST model increases to 0.789. This value is higher than those of the WRF model (0.733) and the WRF_SST model (0.735). This improvement demonstrates that the COAWST model possesses a distinct advantage in simulating the evolution of marine wind speeds. In the micro-scale simulation

the three-dimensional spatiotemporal fields of velocity

potential temperature

and pressure are extracted from the meso-scale atmospheric output. These fields are then employed to drive the micro-scale large eddy simulation. The resulting wind speed time series are overall situated in the middle region of the fluctuating wind speed curve generated by the large eddy simulation. Moreover

these time series can effectively retain the high-frequency fluctuating characteristics at the second scale.

关键词

Keywords

references

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