Research on the influence of wind tunnel background pressure interference effects on sonic boom measurement and its suppression techniques

Yang Yang; Qian Fengxue; Zhou Bo; Dou Shuaiwei; Gao Rongzhao

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0088

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Research on the influence of wind tunnel background pressure interference effects on sonic boom measurement and its suppression techniques

更新时间：2026-10-14

- Research on the influence of wind tunnel background pressure interference effects on sonic boom measurement and its suppression techniques
- Vol. 44, Issue 8, Pages: 46-57(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所,绵阳,621000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0088
  CLC： V211.7
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨洋, 钱丰学, 周波, 等. 风洞背景压力对声爆测量影响及抑制技术研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(8): 46−57.

Yang Yang, Qian Fengxue, Zhou Bo, et al. Research on the influence of wind tunnel background pressure interference effects on sonic boom measurement and its suppression techniques[J]. 2026, 44(8): 46-57.
杨洋, 钱丰学, 周波, 等. 风洞背景压力对声爆测量影响及抑制技术研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(8): 46−57. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0088

Yang Yang, Qian Fengxue, Zhou Bo, et al. Research on the influence of wind tunnel background pressure interference effects on sonic boom measurement and its suppression techniques[J]. 2026, 44(8): 46-57. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0088.

摘要

风洞试验是评估超声速民机低声爆特性及其设计预测方法的关键手段，而研究风洞背景压力（wind tunnel background pressure

WBP）对声爆测量的影响及其抑制技术对于建立可靠的声爆测量风洞试验技术至关重要。本研究针对风洞背景压力独特的时空分布及耦合特性，结合理论分析与试验验证，探究了其对声爆测量的影响机理，揭示了近似解耦条件下风洞背景压力时域和空间域分布对声爆测量的独立影响机制。提出了一种用于时域影响抑制的基于前馈加PID反馈复合控制方法的前室总压精控策略，使风洞总压控制精度由0.2%～0.3%提升至0.15%以上，显著降低了风洞背景压力的时间不均匀性。通过融合特定试验方案，选取波动最小区域作为测试区，并采用空间平均数据处理方法，形成了一种综合策略，有效增强了高空间扰动环境中对弱声爆信号的分辨与提取能力。最后，将该方法应用于2 m超声速风洞低声爆超声速民机标模测试中，结果表明，其近场声爆测量结果与国际上同尺寸量级连续式风洞所得结果呈现良好一致性，头部激波峰值偏差量小于3%，验证了该框架在抑制风洞背景压力对声爆测量影响方面的有效性。

Abstract

Wind tunnel test is a crucial means for evaluating the low sonic boom characteristics of supersonic civil aircraft and validating related design prediction methods. Investigating the influence of wind tunnel background pressure (WBP) on sonic boom measurement and developing suppression techniques are essential for establishing reliable wind tunnel test methodologies for sonic boom measurement. This study focuses on the unique spatiotemporal distribution and coupling characteristics of WBP. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification

the mechanism of its influence on sonic boom measurement is explored. The independent effects of WBP distribution in the time and spatial domains under approximate decoupling conditions are successfully revealed. A fine-control strategy for the settling chamber total pressure is proposed

which employs a composite control method combining feedforward and PID feedback to suppress temporal influences. This strategy improves the total pressure control accuracy from 0.2%～0.3% to better than 0.15%

significantly reducing the temporal non-uniformity of WBP. By integrating specific test arrangements

selecting the region with minimal fluctuations as the test section and applying spatial averaging data processing

a comprehensive strategy is formed. This effectively enhances the ability to distinguish and extract weak sonic boom signals in environments with high spatial disturbances. Applying this methodology to low sonic boom supersonic civil aircraft benchmark model tests in a 2 m supersonic wind tunnel shows that the near-field sonic boom measurement results are in good agreement with those obtained from continuous wind tunnels of similar scale internationally. The deviation of the head shock peak is less than 3%

validating the effectiveness of the proposed framework in mitigating the influence of wind tunnel background pressure on sonic boom measurement.

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references

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