Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car

Liu Kai; Luo Qiuli; Wang Junyao; Wang Qingyu; Zhang Fengli; Wang Wenjiang; Zhang Rongrong

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047

English Version Journal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car

更新时间：2026-05-28

- Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car
- Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 152-162(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  比亚迪汽车工业有限公司,深圳,518118
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047
  CLC： U461.1
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘凯, 罗秋丽, 王君尧, 等. 某型电动跑车尾翼气动设计的仿真与试验研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 152−162.

Liu Kai, Luo Qiuli, Wang Junyao, et al. Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car[J]. 2026, 44(4): 152-162.
刘凯, 罗秋丽, 王君尧, 等. 某型电动跑车尾翼气动设计的仿真与试验研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 152−162. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047

Liu Kai, Luo Qiuli, Wang Junyao, et al. Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car[J]. 2026, 44(4): 152-162. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047.

摘要

尾翼是决定跑车气动下压力的核心部件。在电动跑车设计中，其气动开发面临核心矛盾：在提升下压力以增强操控稳定性的同时，必须最小化由此产生的风阻，以保障车辆的续航里程。本文以某型电动跑车尾翼为对象，采用计算流体力学仿真与整车风洞试验相结合的手段，在真实整车流场环境下，系统探究了尾翼本体的翼型选型、攻角、气动扭转及支撑结构的气动特性。此外，通过试验详细测量了尾翼自身所受气动载荷的时均与动态特性。研究获得了气动性能优异的尾翼优化方案：采用S1223翼型，实施中段攻角2.5°、两端攻角6.5°的气动扭转，并匹配顶部支撑结构。该方案为整车贡献了显著的下压力收益（–Δ

= 0.290），同时将风阻增量控制在较低水平（Δ

= 0.021），气动效率

达到13.4。动态载荷分析进一步揭示，尾翼气动载荷谱存在两个显著特征频率：其一为与结构一阶弯曲模态对应的固定频率12 Hz；其二为随风速变化的频率，经标定其斯特劳哈尔数

= 0.134，表明与周期性流动结构相关。结果表明，针对车背三维来流进行气动扭转设计是优化尾翼性能、平衡下压力与风阻的有效途径。同时，试验识别的特征频率及斯特劳哈尔数为尾翼结构的动力学设计、振动疲劳评估提供了关键参数与理论依据。

Abstract

The rear wing is a core component determining the aerodynamic downforce of sports cars. In the design of electric sports cars

its aerodynamic development faces a fundamental contradiction: enhancing downforce to improve handling stability while minimizing the accompanying drag increase to ensure vehicle range. This study focuses on the rear wing of an electric sports car. Combining comp

utational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with full-scale wind tunnel testing

the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing element—including airfoil selection

angle of attack

aerodynamic twist

and support structure—were systematically investigated within the real vehicle flow field. Furthermore

the time-averaged and dynamic characteristics of the aerodynamic loads on the wing itself were measured in detail. An optimized rear wing configuration with excellent aerodynamic performance was obtained: employing the S1223 airfoil with an aerodynamic twist of 2.5° at the mid-section and 6.5° at the tips

matched with a top-mounted support structure. This configuration contributed a significant downforce gain (–Δ

= 0.293) to the whole vehicle while keeping the drag increase at a relatively low level (Δ

= 0.020)

resulting in an aerodynamic efficiency

of 13.4. Dynamic load analysis further revealed two distinct characteristic frequencies in the aerodynamic load spectrum: one is a fixed frequency of 12 Hz

corresponding to the first bending mode of the structure; the other is a velocity-dependent frequency

calibrated to a Strouhal number of

= 0.134

indicating its relation to periodic flow structures. The results demonstrate that aerodynamic twist design tailored to the three-dimensional incoming flow over the vehicle rear is an effective approach for optimizing rear-wing performance and balancing downforce against drag. Simultaneously

the characteristic frequencies and Strouhal number identified in the tests provide key parameters and a theoretical basis for the dynamic design and vibration fatigue assessment of the rear-wing structure.

关键词

Keywords

references

Cai J, Kapoor S, Sikder T, et al. Effects of active aerodynamic wings on handling performance of high-speed vehicles[R]. SAE Technical Paper, 2017, 2017-01-1592. doi: 10.4271/2017-01-1592

Piechna J R, Kurec K, Broniszewski J, et al. Influence of the car movable aerodynamic elements on fast road car cornering[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(3): 689. doi: 10.3390/en15030689

Haggag S, Marzbali M. Longitudinal dynamics of a vehicle equipped with an active rear spoiler[J]. SAE International Journal of Passenger Vehicle Systems, 2022, 15(3): 183−194. doi: 10.4271/15-15-03-0013

Chiplunkar V, Gujar R, Adiverekar A, et al. Computational fluid dynamics analysis for an active rear-wing design to improve cornering speed for a high-performance car[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023, 77: 887−896. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.040

Katz J. Aerodynamics of race cars[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2006, 38(1): 27−63. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092016

Marques-Bruna P, Grimshaw P. Design of the grand touring sports car wing[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2011, 225(1): 22−31. doi: 10.1177/17543371JSET79

Marques-Bruna P. Design of the grand touring sports car wing: geometric and aerodynamic twist[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of sports engineering and technology, 2013, 227(1): 70−80. doi: 10.1177/1754337111429532

Shehab Uddin M, Rashid F. Effect of rear wing on time-averaged ground vehicle wake with variable slant angle[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2021, 143(7): 071208. doi: 10.1115/1.4050373

Kim P, Choi W, Kim K H. Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of rear wing mounted on fastback type vehicle[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2022, 23(5): 1255−1268. doi: 10.1007/s12239-022-0110-2

Zhang Ying Chao, Wei Gan, Zhang Zhe. Aerodynamic numerical simulation of hatch-back car with different spoilers[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2011, 41(01): 1−0005(in Chinese). doi: CNKI:SUN:JLGY.0.2011-01-003

Thangadurai M, Kumar R, Rana S C, et al. Aerodynamic influence of added surfaces on the performance characteristics of a sports car[J]. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India) Series C, 2018, 100(3). doi: 10.1007/s40032-018-0471-5

Rong Jianglei, Gu Zhengqi, Yang Yi, et al. Aerodynamic optimization of cross sectional shape for a sports car's rear wing based on Kriging surrogate model[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 22(2): 5 (in Chinese). doi: CNKI:SUN:ZGJX.0.2011-02-026

Kang Ning, Jiang Yan. The study of aerodynamic characteristics of a notchback car with rear wing at different angles of attack[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2006, 24(2): 233−237.

Gu Zhengqi, Guo Jiancheng, Zhang Qinglin, et al. Simulation study into the influence of appearance variation of a sport car's rear wing on the aerodynamic lift[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2012, 32(3): 5 (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0645.2012.03.007

Kurec K. Numerical study of the sports car aerodynamic enhancements[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(18): 6668. doi: 10.3390/en15186668

Lai Chenguang, Wang Qinyu, Hu Bo, et al. Design and optimization of a car empennage with winglet under effect of static aeroelasticity[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2020, 50(2): 9 (in Chinese). doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20181118

Thuwis G A A, De Breuker R, Abdalla M M, et al. Aeroelastic tailoring using lamination parameters: drag reduction of a formula one rear wing[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2010, 41: 637−646. doi: 10.1007/s00158-009-0437-6

Kajiwara S. Passive variable rear-wing aerodynamics of an open-wheel racing car[J]. Automotive and Engine Technology, 2017, 2(1): 107−117. doi: 10.1007/s41104-017-0021-9

Groth C, Chiappa A, Porziani S, et al. Multiphysics numerical investigation on the aeroelastic stability of a Le Mans prototype car[J]. Procedia Structural Integrity, 2019, 24: 875−887. doi: 10.1016/j.prostr.2020.02.077

Albukrek C, Doddegowda P, Ivaldi A, et al. Unsteady flow analysis of a formula type open wheel race car in cornering[R]. SAE Technical Paper, 2006, 2006-01-3661. doi: 10.4271/2006-01-3661

Luo Qiuli, Zhang Fengli, Zhang Rongrong, et al. The aerodynamic development of the BYD Han[C]// 2020 Academic Annual Conference of Automotive Aerodynamics Committee, 2020: 1-8 (in Chinese).

Lian Yubo, Luo Qiuli, Zhang Fengli, et al. Automotive aerodynamics development based on shape optimization method[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(10): 1619−1626 (in Chinese). doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.10.017

Liu K, Zhang B F, Zhang Y C, et al. Flow structure around a low-drag Ahmed body[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 913: A21. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2020.1136

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Positivity-preserving strategies and their comparision based on staggered CPR methods

Installation effects on propeller tone noise

Optimization of hot-air anti-icing structures based on neural networks and genetic algorithms

Research progress on noise reduction of centrifugal fans

Multi-factor analysis and simulation of particle erosion characteristics of fan blades

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

AI问答

⁰