Impact of inter-wing spacing on aerodynamic noise in multi-flapping wing configurations

Xie Yuxin; Chen Zengshuang; Meng Xueguang

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0094

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Impact of inter-wing spacing on aerodynamic noise in multi-flapping wing configurations

更新时间：2026-05-28

- Impact of inter-wing spacing on aerodynamic noise in multi-flapping wing configurations
- Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 41-53(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室,西安,710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0094
  CLC： V211.3
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
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谢雨馨, 陈增爽, 孟雪广. 个体间距对多扑翼气动噪声的影响特性[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 41−53.

Xie Yuxin, Chen Zengshuang, Meng Xueguang. Impact of inter-wing spacing on aerodynamic noise in multi-flapping wing configurations[J]. 2026, 44(4): 41-53.
谢雨馨, 陈增爽, 孟雪广. 个体间距对多扑翼气动噪声的影响特性[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 41−53. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0094

Xie Yuxin, Chen Zengshuang, Meng Xueguang. Impact of inter-wing spacing on aerodynamic noise in multi-flapping wing configurations[J]. 2026, 44(4): 41-53. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0094.

摘要

对微型扑翼飞行器降噪技术的探究是提升其应用潜力的重要基础。本文探究了不同个体间距对三维多扑翼气动噪声的影响规律，采用大涡模拟（LES）和FW-H声类比的数值方法进行流场求解和噪声预测。结果表明，单个扑翼做上下沉浮运动产生的声场上下对称，最大声压级出现在扑翼运动的正上方和正下方。多扑翼之间个体间距较小时（1.5

），扑翼之间的气动干扰程度较大，气动力差距也较大，产生的声场声压级较高；随着间距增大，气动干扰程度减小，声场声压级降低。对于串联双扑翼和串联三扑翼而言，当个体间距为3

时，声场声压级达到最小值，相比1.5

的情况降低了4 dB左右；对于菱形四扑翼而言，个体水平间距为3.5

时，声场声压级达到最小值，相比1.5

的情况降低了3.6 dB左右；个体竖直间距对多扑翼声场影响不大。因此，对于多扑翼构型，均存在最佳个体间距使得整体声场噪声最低，这为设计低噪声多扑翼飞行器及实现低噪声集群飞行提供了重要参考。

Abstract

Investigation into noise reduction techniques for flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles is crucial for enhancing their application potential. The phenomenon of clustering among flying animals has garnered considerable research interest

as it provides valuable insights for the development of aircraft. While extensive research has concentrated on optimal aerodynamic performance and propulsion mechanisms

the acoustic characteristics of multi-flapping wings remain underexplored. This study examined the impact of inter-wing sp

acing on the aerodynamic noise of three-dimensional multi-wing configurations. The wings

subjected to a uniform flow of 10 m/s at a Reynolds number of

5300

underwent heaving motion. We employed the large eddy simulation (LES) method and FW-H acoustic analogy to numerically simulate the flow and sound fields. The results indicate that a single flapping wing generates an up-and-down symmetric sound field

with peak noise levels occurring directly above and below the wing's path. In multi-wing configurations with smaller individual spacings

significant aerodynamic interference leads to increased sound pressure levels (SPL). Conversely

increasing the spacing between wings reduces both aerodynamic interference and overall noise. For tandem configurations

the SPL peaks at a horizontal spacing of 1.5 chord lengths (

) and reaches its minimum at 3

with a reduction of nearly 4 dB. In the diamond configuration with four wings

the SPL is minimized at a horizontal spacing of 3.5

showing a 3.6 dB reduction from the maximum value at 1.5

. The vertical individual spacing has a negligible effect on the overall noise in the diamond configuration. These findings suggest an optimal inter-wing spacing that minimizes overall noise

offering critical insights for the design of quiet multi-wing aircraft and swarm flight.

关键词

Keywords

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