Effect of pitch angle on the flapping flight and sound generation

WANG Yongtao; ZHOU Zhiteng; WANG Shizhao

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0053

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Effect of pitch angle on the flapping flight and sound generation

更新时间：2026-05-28

- Effect of pitch angle on the flapping flight and sound generation
- Vol. 43, Issue 3, Pages: 14-28(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京,100049
  2. 中国科学院力学研究所,北京,100190
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0053
  CLC： V211.3
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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王勇涛, 周志腾, 王士召. 俯仰角对扑翼飞行与发声的影响[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(3): 14−28.

WANG Yongtao, ZHOU Zhiteng, WANG Shizhao. Effect of pitch angle on the flapping flight and sound generation[J]. 2025, 43(3): 14-28.
王勇涛, 周志腾, 王士召. 俯仰角对扑翼飞行与发声的影响[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(3): 14−28. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0053

WANG Yongtao, ZHOU Zhiteng, WANG Shizhao. Effect of pitch angle on the flapping flight and sound generation[J]. 2025, 43(3): 14-28. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0053.

摘要

扑翼俯仰角的变化对昆虫的扑翼飞行与发声有着显著影响。本文以使用扑翼扑动产生的声波（也称翼音）进行交流的昆虫为研究对象，初步分析和讨论了扑翼执行3种俯仰角模式（正弦、梯形和快速上仰）时的飞行与发声性能。通过重叠网格方法求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程得到扑翼周围的流场；利用气动力模拟得到的数据，通过 Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings方程预测翼音。结果表明，不同的俯仰角模式可以适用不同的场景。当执行正弦俯仰角变化时，扑翼具有较高的飞行效率和较小的噪声；当执行梯形俯仰角变化时，扑翼可以提供更多的升力，且具有更高的发声效率以进行翼音交流；当执行快速上仰的俯仰角变化时，扑翼可以同时具有较高的飞行效率和发声效率。因此，未来在微型飞行器的设计中，可以采用不同的扑翼俯仰角变化模式以满足不同的需求。

Abstract

The variation in flapping wing pitch angles profoundly influences insects' flight and acoustic performance. In this study

we conduct a preliminary investigation on the flight and acoustic performance during wing flapping

focusing on three distinct pitch angle patterns: sinusoidal

trapezoidal

and rapid pitch-up. Our primary interest lies in insects harnessing wing-produced sound waves

or wing tones

for communication. The flow fields around the flapping wing are computed using an overset grid approach to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Subsequently

the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation is applied to predict sound generation

leveraging data from the aerodynamic simulations. The results indicate that different pitch angle patterns may be suitable for various practical applications. Specifically

the sinusoidal pattern enhances flight efficiency and reduces noise levels

the trapezoidal pattern generates higher lift and improves sound-generation efficiency for communication

and the rapid pitch-up pattern can provide both higher flight efficiency and superior sound-generation efficiency for communication. Therefore

in the design of micro aerial vehicles moving forward

diverse modes of flapping wing pitch angle variation can be employed to cater to distinct design requirements.

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