On airfoil research and development: history, current status, and future directions

HAN Zhonghua; GAO Zhenghong; SONG Wenping; XIA Lu

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0396

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On airfoil research and development: history, current status, and future directions

更新时间：2026-05-28

- On airfoil research and development: history, current status, and future directions
- Vol. 39, Issue 6, Pages: 1-36(2021)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北工业大学航空学院,西安,710072
  2. 翼型、叶栅空气动力学国家级重点实验室,西安,710072
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0396
  CLC： V211.41+2
- Published：2021
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
韩忠华, 高正红, 宋文萍, 等. 翼型研究的历史、现状与未来发展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2021, 39(6): 1−36.

HAN Zhonghua, GAO Zhenghong, SONG Wenping, et al. On airfoil research and development: history, current status, and future directions[J]. 2021, 39(6): 1-36.
韩忠华, 高正红, 宋文萍, 等. 翼型研究的历史、现状与未来发展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2021, 39(6): 1−36. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0396

HAN Zhonghua, GAO Zhenghong, SONG Wenping, et al. On airfoil research and development: history, current status, and future directions[J]. 2021, 39(6): 1-36. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0396.

摘要

“翼型”俗称翼剖面或叶剖面，是飞机机翼及尾翼、导弹翼/舵面、直升机旋翼、螺旋桨、风力机叶片等外形设计的基本元素和气动力的“基因”，也是影响综合气动性能的核心因素之一。自20世纪初莱特兄弟发明人类第一架飞机以来，翼型研究的每一次重要突破，都有力促进了航空飞行器的更新换代或性能的大幅提升。除了发展RAE、DVL、NACA、TsAGI等通用翼型族外，研究者们还针对性地发展了适用于各类飞机的翼型族，以及适用于直升机旋翼、螺旋桨和风力机叶片的专用翼型族。进入21世纪，随着现代数值模拟方法、流动稳定性与转捩预测、优化设计、试验测试技术等研究的进步，各种新的设计理念、优化方法和设计技术相继被提出，翼型研究也被赋予了新的使命和内容。本文立足飞行器设计和翼型研究的前沿，在回顾100多年来翼型发展历程的基础上，重点综述了翼型研究的最新进展，分析了研究现状，提出了未来发展方向。新一代翼型将适用于未来飞行器的发展需求，在宽速域、大空域、多物理场及智能变体等复杂使用条件下兼具优良的多学科综合性能。

Abstract

Airfoils

which are the cross-section profiles of aircraft wings and tails

missile fins

helicopter rotor blades

and wind turbine propellers

play a particularly important role in determining the aerodynamic and overall performance. Since the invention of the first aircraft in the early 20th century

each breakthrough in airfoil research has dramatically promoted the upgrading of a better-performance aircraft. A large number of airfoil families

such as RAE

DVL

NACA

and TsAGI

either for general purpose or for particular types of aircrafts flying at different speed

regimes

as well as airfoil families dedicated to helicopter rotors

propeller blades

and wing-turbine blades have been developed. In the 21

century

high-fidelity numerical simulations

multi-objective multi-constraint optimization

flow instability analysis theory and transition prediction methods

and experimental testing techniques have been advanced progressively

which places a sound base for the development of new-generation airfoils. This article focuses on reviewing the recent progress on airfoil research after a brief review of over 100 years’ history of airfoil research and development. Future challenges as well as research directions are presented as the outcome of this review. With the strong need of developing future aircrafts and other aerodynamics-related equipments

a general trend of developing new-generation airfoils is to achieve better multidisciplinary performance when flying at wider speed ranges

larger airspace and multi-physics enviroments or intelligent morphing

which presents great challenges for numerical simulations

design optimization

and experimental validations.

关键词

Keywords

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