Development characteristics and characterization methods of deep paleokarst conduit systems in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin

Lü Xinrui; Wu Xingwei; Li Hongkai; Wang Zhelin; Xiao Fengying; Song Chuanzhen; Li Yongqiang

doi:10.7623/syxb202608002

English Version Journal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Development characteristics and characterization methods of deep paleokarst conduit systems in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin

更新时间：2026-09-14

- Development characteristics and characterization methods of deep paleokarst conduit systems in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin
- ACTA PETROLEI SINICA Vol. 47, Issue 8, Pages: 1545-1561(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京,102206
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202608002
  CLC： TE122.3
- Online First：08 September 2026，
  
  Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吕心瑞, 邬兴威, 李红凯, 王哲麟, 肖凤英, 宋传真, 李永强. 塔里木盆地塔河油田深层古岩溶暗河发育特征及表征方法[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(8): 1545-1561,1602.

Lü Xinrui, Wu Xingwei, Li Hongkai, et al. Development characteristics and characterization methods of deep paleokarst conduit systems in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2026, 47(8): 1545-1561.
吕心瑞, 邬兴威, 李红凯, 王哲麟, 肖凤英, 宋传真, 李永强. 塔里木盆地塔河油田深层古岩溶暗河发育特征及表征方法[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(8): 1545-1561,1602. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202608002.

Lü Xinrui, Wu Xingwei, Li Hongkai, et al. Development characteristics and characterization methods of deep paleokarst conduit systems in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2026, 47(8): 1545-1561. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202608002.

摘要

古暗河系统是塔河油田奥陶系储层的3大古岩溶储集体类型之一

实钻揭示古暗河系统形态组构复杂、垮塌与充填并存

非均质性极强

油井产能差异大

高效开发面临挑战。针对以上问题

基于露头、钻井、地震、生产动态等多学科数据

应用岩溶地质学、构造地质学、地球物理学及地质统计学等理论方法

明确暗河类型、组构要素、充填类型及充填结构

揭示暗河分布主控因素、发育模式、展布规律及有利组合类型

建立古暗河系统形态、组构及充填表征方法。研究结果表明:①古暗河类型主要有单层或多层的网状管道型、单支管道型、构造廊道型、断续型和悬挂型

组构要素包括主干河道、分支河道、厅堂洞及出、入水口等

主要存在砂泥、角砾和化学沉积充填物组成的3种充填结构。②研究区共发育3大不同特征的古暗河系统

岩溶古地貌影响了暗河总体流向和展布

潜水面变化决定了暗河发育层数和规模

断裂组合样式控制了暗河形态和组构。其中

西部S81—S85—S74古暗河系统受斜坡和网状断裂控制

多发育网状河道

且多存在垮塌角砾充填;中部TK672—S65—S67—T615古暗河系统受箕状地貌和"弓"字形断裂控制

发育单支管道暗河

局部发育多层管道暗河

以砂泥和交互充填为主;东部TK422—S64—S46古暗河系统受峰丛地貌和"入"字形断裂控制

主要发育不连续的构造廊道型暗河

多存在砂泥和混合充填。③分频能量、分频反演、相干能量梯度等地震属性可以较好预测暗河轮廓及充填特征

基于地质模式与地震属性的多点地质统计建模方法

能够精细表征暗河系统复杂组构特征

方法应用于塔河油田主体区多个典型单元

暗河形态、组构及充填特征预测符合率均达80%以上

为此类油藏高效开发奠定可靠地质基础。

Abstract

The paleo-subterranean river system represents one of the three principal genetic types of paleokarst reservoir in the Ordovician strata of Tahe oilfield. Drilling data reveal that these systems exhibit complex morphologies and architectures

characterized by the co-occurrence of collapse structures and infillings

strong reservoir heterogeneity

significant variations in well productivity

and substantial challenges for efficient development. To address these issues

this study integrates multidisciplinary datasets

including outcrop observations

drilling data

seismic interpretations

and production data

applying theoretical methods from karst geology

structural geology

geophysics

and geostatistics. The work aims to define the types

architectural elements

filling types

and filling sequences of paleokarst conduit systems

and further elucidates their main controlling factors

development models

distribution features

and favorable combination patterns

thereby establishing a systematic characterization framework for the morphology

architecture

and infillings of the systems. The results indicate that:(1) The paleo-subterranean river systems are mainly classified into single- or multi-layered reticulated conduits

single conduits

structural corridors

discontinuous conduits

and suspended conduits. The architectural elements comprise trunk channels

branch channels

hall caves

and inlet/outlet ports. Three principal types of infilling are identified

composed mainly of sandy-muddy deposits

collapse breccias

and chemical precipitates. (2) Three paleokarst conduit systems with distinct features are developed in study area. The paleokarst geomorphology governs the overall flow direction and spatial distribution of subsurface conduits

while paleo-water table fluctuations dictate the tiered development levels and the dimensional scale of the conduit systems. Fault assemblage patterns control the morphology and structural architecture of subsurface conduits. Specifically

the western S81-S85-S74 system

controlled by slope geomorphology and networked fault systems

is dominated by reticulated conduits with frequent collapse breccia infillings. The central TK672-S65-S67-T615 system

controlled by a graben-like geomorphology and bowed fault systems

mainly develops single conduits

with locally developed multistorey channel systems

and is predominantly filled with sandy-muddy mixtures or interbedded deposits. The eastern TK422-S64-S46 system

controlled by peak-cluster geomorphology and λ-shaped faults

is dominated by discontinuous tectonic corridor-type karst channels

frequently filled with sand-mud mixtures and hybrid deposits . (3) Seismic attributes such as spectral decomposition energy

frequency-partitioned inversion

and coherence gradients can effectively predict the geometry and infilling characteristics of subsurface conduits. Multiple-point geostatistical modeling constrained by geological patterns and seismic attributes enables fine-scale characterization of the complex architectural features of the paleokarst conduit system. Application of this method to multiple key units in Tahe oilfield demonstrates the prediction accuracy exceeding 80 % for conduit geometry

architecture

and fill characteristics

providing a robust geological basis for efficient reservoir development.

关键词

Keywords

references

李源,鲁新便,王莹莹,等.塔河油田海西早期岩溶水文地貌特征及其演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):674-683.

漆立新,云露.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):1-12.

胡文革.塔里木盆地塔河油田潜山区古岩溶缝洞类型及其改造作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2022,43(1):43-53.

张长建,吕艳萍,文欢,等.塔河油田西部斜坡区加里东运动中期Ⅱ幕水文地貌特征及其对洞穴发育的控制[J].新疆石油地质,2022,43(2):135-144.

鲁新便,何成江,邓光校,等.塔河油田奥陶系油藏喀斯特古河道发育特征描述[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(3):268-274.

张娟,鲍典,杨敏,等.塔河油田西部古暗河缝洞结构特征及控制因素[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(4):33-39.

巫波,荣元帅,刘遥,等.塔河油田暗河油气藏勘探潜力分析[J].断块油气田,2015,22(6):702-704.

杨德彬,高济元,张恒,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型岩溶暗河类型、发育特征及其形成条件[J].地学前缘,2025,32(4):483-496.

鲁新便,荣元帅,李小波,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注采井网构建及开发意义——以塔河油田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):658-664.

杨敏,李小波,谭涛,等.古暗河油藏剩余油分布规律及挖潜对策研究——以塔河油田TK440井区为例[J].油气藏评价与开发,2020,10(2):43-48.

郭万江,黄朝琴,安国强,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注水、注气开发研究进展[J].石油科学通报,2026,11(2):456-473.

蔡忠贤,刘永立,刘群.塔河油田中下奥陶统顶面岩溶古水系对接现象及其意义[J].现代地质,2010,24(2):273-278.

李源,鲁新便,蔡忠贤,等.塔河油田海西早期古水文地貌特征及其对洞穴发育的控制[J].石油学报,2016,37(8):1011-1020.

李阳,范智慧.塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):101-106.

李阳,金强,钟建华,等.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶分带及缝洞结构特征[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):289-298.

吕心瑞,孙建芳,邬兴威,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储层结构表征方法——以塔里木盆地塔河S67单元奥陶系油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2021,42(3):728-737.

徐嘉宏,康志宏,蓝茜茜.塔河奥陶系油藏岩溶储层类型、洞穴结构和发育模式:以塔河油田7区T615缝洞单元为例[J].现代地质,2020,34(6):1181-1192.

高济元,王诺宇,李雨阳,等.塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶暗河结构划分与充填程度智能定量预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2026,53(2):369-383.

金强,田飞,鲁新便,等.塔河油田奥陶系古径流岩溶带垮塌充填特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5):729-735.

张慧涛,王金柱,杨敏,等.塔河奥陶系岩溶古暗河充填特征研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2020,16(1):4-10.

张三,金强,史今雄,等.塔北地区奥陶系地下河溶洞充填规律与储集性能[J].石油与天然气地质,2023,44(6):1582-1594.

吕心瑞,邬兴威,孙建芳,等.深层碳酸盐岩储层溶洞垮塌物理模拟及分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2022,43(6):1505-1514.

王聿铭.塔河油田主体区奥陶系大型溶洞充填结构特征研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2020:33-42.

张宸赫,高志前,吕慧,等.塔河油田奥陶系古暗河充填特征与储层发育模式[J].石油实验地质,2025,47(5):1017-1034.

李宗杰,王勤聪.塔北超深层碳酸盐岩储层预测方法和技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):35-40.

邓光校,胡文革,王震.碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体分尺度量化表征[J].新疆石油地质,2021,42(2):232-237.

胡华锋,鲍典,马灵伟,等.基于高频衰减梯度的碳酸盐岩溶洞储集体规模识别方法——以塔河油田岩溶古河道溶洞储集体为例[J].石油物探,2018,57(6):892-901.

周单,吕慧,王震.基于叠前反演的岩溶古河道充填特征描述方法[J].地球物理学进展,2022,37(1):348-356.

代冬冬,房启飞,万效国,等.哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系岩溶古河道识别及其成藏意义[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):89-96.

杨晓兰.基于正演模型的地震相识别溶洞充填技术——以塔河油田12区东奥陶系储层为例[J].复杂油气藏,2019,12(2):17-21.

杨德彬,何新明,张恒,等.塔河油田主体区奥陶系表层岩溶带智能识别及缝洞发育规律[J].石油学报,2024,45(2):374-389.

吕心瑞,李红凯,魏荷花,等.碳酸盐岩储层多尺度缝洞体分类表征——以塔河油田S80单元奥陶系油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):813-821.

李阳,侯加根,李永强.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体特征及分类分级地质建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):600-606.

尚浩杰,陈叔阳,何云峰,等.断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层结构表征与三维地质建模——以顺北4号断裂带为例[J].石油学报,2024,45(11):1662-1679.

吕心瑞,孙建芳,李红凯,等.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏精细地质建模技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2024,45(5):1195-1210.

谢鹏飞,侯加根,汪彦,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层多元信息融合建模方法在塔河油田十二区奥陶系油藏的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2023,47(3):1-14.

侯加根,马晓强,胡向阳,等.碳酸盐岩溶洞型储集体地质建模的几个关键问题[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):64-69.

吕心瑞,孙建芳,李红凯,等.深层碳酸盐岩断控岩溶储集体结构模式与表征方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2026,47(1):256-269.

何治亮,孙建芳,郭攀红,等.碳酸盐岩储集层知识库构建方法及其在缝洞型油藏地质建模中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2021,48(4):710-718.

林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):23-26.

张小兵,吕海涛,赵锡奎,等.塔河油田中下奥陶统顶面古构造演化及油气关系[J].石油实验地质,2011,33 (3):233-238.

张驰,储呈林,张永,等.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇中西部地区奥陶系走滑断裂特征及控储作用[J].石油学报,2026,47(3):568-579.

夏永涛,刘永立,刘存革,等.塔河油田西北部加里东中期古水系特征及其地质意义[J].中国岩溶,2019,38(3):438-443.

李会军,丁勇,周新桂,等.塔河油田奥陶系海西早期、加里东中期岩溶对比研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(3):413-425.

云露,曹自成,唐大卿,等.塔西南地区和田河走滑断裂带分段差异活动特征及控储效应[J].石油学报,2025,46(5):875-890.

胡宗全,林会喜,邓尚,等.断裂及裂缝对不同岩性储层的改造作用[J].石油学报,2025,46(8):1489-1501.

夏日元,邹胜章,梁彬,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞系统模式及成因研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.

朱学稳,张任,韩道山.地下河洞穴发育的系统演化[J].中国岩溶,1996,15(1/2):157-166.

田飞.塔河油田碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞结构和充填模式研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014:36-62.

李新华,康志宏,刘洁,等.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶塌陷体结构识别及成因分析[J].现代地质,2021,35(6):1830-1843.

张三,金强,赵深圳,等.塔河油田海西运动早期奥陶系岩溶地貌[J].新疆石油地质,2020,41(5):527-534.

李源.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶储层发育与海西早期水文地貌响应关系研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2016:29-33.

孙建芳,魏荷花,宋传真,等.塔河油田古暗河系统描述及动用技术研究与应用[R].北京:中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,2021.

汪洋.塔河油田碳酸盐岩古暗河储层精细描述[D].成都:西南石油大学,2024:29-33.

孙建芳,魏荷花,吕心瑞,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏描述与地质建模技术[M].青岛:中国石油大学出版社,2022.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Characterization of dissolution facies belt in fracture-cavity carbonate rocks mainly controlled by fault-controlling karst: a case study of Ordovician reservoirs in the Block 10 of Tahe oilfield

Reservoir characteristics of Longwangmiao Formation under different productivity conditions in the Anyue giant gas field, Sichuan Basin

Experiment and evaluation of extraction effect of nitrogen on light components of crude oil in Tahe oilfield

Controlling effect of tectonic deformation unit on vertical hydrocarbon migration and its exploration significance:a case study of Neogene oil and gas exploration in circum-Bozhong sag,Bohai Bay Basin

Accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of helium-rich gas reservoirs

Related Author

Shang Xiaofei

Duan Taizhong

Zhang Wenbiao

Cheng Hong

Liu Yanfeng

Zhang Tianfu

Fu Xiaodong

Li Wenzheng

Related Institution

Sinpoec Northwest Oilfield Company

Sinpoec Exploration & Production Research Institute

Tarim Research Center, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Korla

PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Geology

College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum

AI问答

⁰