Silica diagenetic evolution and its control on pore development in shale reservoirs: a case study of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

赵建华; 于孟想; 陈扬; 刘可禹; 刘国恒; 吴伟; 李俊乾; 罗超; 游祖辉

doi:10.7623/syxb202512005

English Version Reader LoginJournal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Silica diagenetic evolution and its control on pore development in shale reservoirs: a case study of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

更新时间：2026-02-02

- Silica diagenetic evolution and its control on pore development in shale reservoirs: a case study of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin
- ACTA PETROLEI SINICA Vol. 46, Issue 12, Pages: 2273-2285(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东,青岛,266580
  2. 怀柔实验室新疆研究院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830000
  3. 中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院,四川,成都,610051
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202512005
  CLC： TE122.2
- Published Online：09 January 2026，
  
  Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵建华, 于孟想, 陈扬, 刘可禹, 刘国恒, 吴伟, 李俊乾, 罗超, 游祖辉. 硅质成岩演化过程及其对页岩储层孔隙发育的控制作用——以四川盆地奥陶系五峰组和志留系龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(12): 2273-2285.

赵建华, 于孟想, 陈扬, et al. Silica diagenetic evolution and its control on pore development in shale reservoirs: a case study of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(12): 2273-2285.
赵建华, 于孟想, 陈扬, 刘可禹, 刘国恒, 吴伟, 李俊乾, 罗超, 游祖辉. 硅质成岩演化过程及其对页岩储层孔隙发育的控制作用——以四川盆地奥陶系五峰组和志留系龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(12): 2273-2285. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202512005.

赵建华, 于孟想, 陈扬, et al. Silica diagenetic evolution and its control on pore development in shale reservoirs: a case study of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(12): 2273-2285. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202512005.

摘要

为明确硅质成岩作用对页岩储层孔隙发育的控制作用

以四川盆地南部和东北部地区的上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组页岩为例

基于岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜-阴极发光联测、元素地球化学分析、热模拟实验等手段

开展了硅质成岩演化过程和硅质格架内有机质孔的形成与演化研究。研究结果表明:①五峰组和龙马溪组硅质页岩中的生物成因石英是主要的硅质矿物类型

不同成因类型的石英在波长约420 nm和570 nm处的阴极发光发射峰形态存在差异

由蛋白石-CT和玉髓转化为微米级自生石英的过程会进一步加剧与波长约570 nm发射峰相关的晶格缺陷;②硅质格架中发育的大量固体沥青是有机质孔的主要载体

其含量是有机质孔发育的最主要影响因素;③形成于中成岩阶段A期的自生石英微晶及聚集体

其内部保留的孔隙可为有机质热解生成的油提供储集空间

并为液态烃向固体沥青转化形成有机质孔网络起到了支撑作用;④页岩中的总有机碳(TOC)含量随SiO

含量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势

SiO

含量为70%~80% 时的TOC含量最高且主体分布在3.0% ~6.0%

最有利于孔隙发育。研究成果可为深化页岩的有机-无机协同演化过程研究、揭示页岩油气储层形成机理提供理论支撑。

Abstract

To elucidate the controlling effect of silica diagenesis on pore development in shale reservoirs

a case study was conducted on the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales from the southern and northeastern Sichuan Basin. Based on rock thin section observation

scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) ana

lysis

elemental geochemical analysis

and thermal simulation experiments

the study investigates the silica diagenetic process and the formation and evolution of organic pores within the silica framework. The research findings show as follows. (1) In the siliceous shale of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation

biogenic quartz is the predominant silica-rich mineral. Quartz of different genetic types exhibit district cathodoluminescence (CL) emission peak patterns at wavelengths of approximately 420 nm and 570 nm. Furthermore

the transformation of opal-CT and chalcedony into micron-size authigenic quartz further exacerbates the lattice defects associated with the emission peak at around 570 nm. (2) The substantial presence of solid bitumen within the silica framework serves as the primary carrier for organic pore

with its content being the most significant factor influencing organic pore formation. (3) The authigenic microcrystalline quartz and aggregates formed during the mesogenetic A stage retain internal pores that can provide space for oils generated by the pyrolysis of organic matter. These pores also play a supporting role in the formation of organic pore networks through the conversion of liquid hydrocarbons into solid bitumen. (4) The total organic carbon (TOC) content in shale shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of SiO

content. The highest TOC content

primarily ranging from 3.0%to 6.0%

is observed when the SiO

content is between 70%and 80%

which is most favorable for pore development. The findings provide theoretical support for advancing the study of the organic-inorganic synergistic evolution process in shale and reveal the formation mechanisms of shale oil and gas reservoirs.

关键词

Keywords

references

LOUCKS R G,REED R M,RUPPEL S C,et al. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.

MACQUAKER J H S,TAYLOR K G,KELLER M,et al.Compositional controls on early diagenetic pathways in fine-grained sedimentary rocks:implications for predicting unconventional reservoir attributes of mudstones[J].AAPG Bulletin,2014,98(3):587-603.

MILLIKEN K L,OLSON T.Silica diagenesis,porosity evolution,and mechanical behavior in siliceous mudstones,Mowry Shale (Cretaceous),Rocky Mountains,U.S.A.[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2017,87(4):366-387.

MILLIKEN K L,ZHANG Tongwei,CHEN Jianping,et al.Mineral diagenetic control of expulsion efficiency in organic-rich mudrocks,Bakken Formation (Devonian-Mississippian),Williston Basin,North Dakota,U.S.A.[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2021,127:104869.

BERNARD S,HORSFIELD B,SCHULZ H M,et al.Geochemical evolution of organic-rich shales with increasing maturity:a STXM and TEM study of the Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian,northern Germany)[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,31(1) :70-89.

LÖHR S C,BARUCH E T,HALL P A,et al.Is organic pore development in gas shales influenced by the primary porosity and structure of thermally immature organic matter?[J].Organic Geochemistry,2015,87:119-132.

POMMER M,MILLIKEN K.Pore types and pore-size distributions across thermal maturity,Eagle Ford Formation,southern Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(9):1713-1744.

CURTIS M E,CARDOTT B J,SONDERGELD C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103:26-31.

LU Jiemin,RUPPEL S C,ROWE H D.Organic matter pores and oil generation in the Tuscaloosa marine shale[J].AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(2):333-357.

HACKLEY P C,CARDOTT B J.Application of organic petrography in North American shale petroleum systems:a review[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2016,163:8-51.

ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhenkui,JIN Zhijun,et al.Origin of authigenic quartz in organic-rich shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin,South China:implications for pore evolution[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2017,38:21-38.

ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhijun,JIN Zhenkui,et al.Mineral types and organic matters of the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng and Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin,China:implications for pore systems,diagenetic pathways,and reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,86:655-674.

赵建华,金之钧.泥岩成岩作用研究进展与展望[J].沉积学报,2021,39(1):58-72.

MILLIKEN K L,RUDNICKI M,AWWILLER D N,et al.Organic matter-hosted pore system,Marcellus Formation (Devonian),Pennsylvania[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(2):177-200.

王秀平,牟传龙,王启宇,等.川南及邻区龙马溪组黑色岩系成岩作用[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1035-1047.

ABU-MAHFOUZ I S,CARTWRIGHT J,IDIZ E,et al.Silica diagenesis promotes early primary hydrocarbon migration[J].Geology,2020,48(5):483-487.

TAGUCHI K,HASEGAWA K,SUZUKI T.The relationship between silica minerals and organic matter diagenesis:its implication for the origin of oil[M]//MATTAVELLI L,NOVELLI L.Organic geochemistry in petroleum exploration.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1988:97-107.

聂海宽,党伟,张珂,等.中国页岩气研究与发展20年:回顾与展望[J].天然气工业,2024,44(3):20-52.

DONG Tian,HE Sheng,CHEN Manfei,et al.Quartz types and origins in the Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi formations,eastern Sichuan Basin,China:implications for porosity preservation in shale reservoirs[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2019,106:62-73.

QIU Zhen,LIU Bei,DONG Dazhong,et al.Silica diagenesis in the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin,South China:implications for reservoir properties and paleoproductivity[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2020,121:104594.

GAO Ping,XIAO Xianming,HU Dongfeng,et al.Comparison of silica diagenesis between the Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian shale reservoirs in the Middle-Upper Yangtze platform (southern China)[J].AAPG Bulletin,2024,108(6):971-1003.

何登发,李德生,张国伟,等.四川多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].地质科学,2011,46(3):589-606.

牟传龙,周恳恳,梁薇,等.中上扬子地区早古生代烃源岩沉积环境与油气勘探[J].地质学报,2011,85(4):526-532.

XU Chen,JIAYU R,MITCHELL C E,et al.Late Ordovician to Earliest Silurian graptolite and brachiopod biozonation from the Yangtze region,South China,with a global correlation[J].Geological Magazine,2000,137(6):623-650.

苏文博,李志明,ETTENSOHN F R,等.华南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色岩系时空展布的主控因素及其启示[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2007,32(6):819-827.

CHEN Xu,RONG Jiayu,LI Yue,et al.Facies patterns and geography of the Yangtze region,South china,through the Ordovician and Silurian transition[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2004,204(3/4):353-372.

LIU Shugen,DENG Bin,JANSA L,et al.Multi-stage basin development and hydrocarbon accumulations:a review of the Sichuan Basin at eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Earth Science,2018,29(2):307-325.

马中良,郑伦举,李志明.烃源岩有限空间温压共控生排烃模拟实验研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):955-963.

ALLIX P,BURNHAM A,FOWLER T,et al.Coaxing oil from shale[J].Oilfield Review,2010,22(4):4-15.

ROWE H D,LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C,et al.Mississippian Barnett Formation,Fort Worth Basin,Texas:bulk geochemical inferences and Mo-TOC constraints on the severity of hydrographic restriction[J].Chemical Geology,2008,257(1/2):16-25.

ADACHI M,YAMAMOTO K,SUGISAKI R.Hydrothermal chert and associated siliceous rocks from the northern Pacific their geological significance as indication od ocean ridge activity[J].Sedimentary Geology,1986,47(1/2):125-148.

YAMAMOTO K.Geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of cherts and associated rocks in the Franciscan and Shimanto terranes[J].Sedimentary Geology,1987,52(1/2):65-108.

MCLENNAN S M,TAYLOR S R,MCCULLOCH M T,et al.Geochemical and Nd Sr isotopic composition of deep-sea turbidites:crustal evolution and plate tectonic associations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1990,54(7):2015-2050.

PLANK T,LANGMUIR C H.The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle[J].Chemical Geology,1998,145(3/4):325-394.

YANG Shengchao,HU Wenxuan,FAN Junxuan,et al.New geochemical identification fingerprints of volcanism during the Ordovician-Silurian transition and its implications for biological and environmental evolution[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2022,228:104016.

RIECH V,VON RAD U.Silica diagenesis in the Atlantic Ocean:diagenetic potential and transformations[M]//TALWANI M,HAY W,RYAN W B F.Deep Drilling results in the Atlantic Ocean:continental margins and paleoenvironment.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union,1979:315-340.

WILLIAMS L A,PARKS G A,CRERAR D A.Silica diagenesis; I,solubility controls[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1985,55(3):301-311.

KASTNER M,KEENE J B,GIESKES J M.Diagenesis of siliceous oozes—I.Chemical controls on the rate of opal-A to opal-CT transformation—an experimental study[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1977,41(8):1041-1059.

BOTZ R,BOHRMANN G.Low-temperature opal-CT precipitation in Antarctic deep-sea sediments:evidence from oxygen isotopes[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1991,107(3/4):612-617.

RICE S B,FREUND H,HUANG W L,et al.Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to silica diagenesis; the opal -A to opal-CT transformation[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1995,65(4a):639-647.

RODGERS K A,BROWNE P R L,BUDDLE T F,et al.Silica phases in sinters and residues from geothermal fields of New Zealand[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2004,66(1/2):1-61.

MALIVA R G,SIEVER R.Pre-Cenozoic nodular cherts; evidence for opal-CT precursors and direct quartz replacement[J].American Journal of Science,1988,288(8):798-809.

HARWOOD J,APLIN A C,FIALIPS C I,et al.Quartz cementation history of sandstones revealed by high-resolution SIMS oxygen isotope analysis[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2013,83(7):522-530.

ABERCROMBIE H J,HUTCHEON I E,BLOCH J D,et al.Silica activity and the smectite-illite reaction[J]. Geology,1994,22(6):539-542.

BJORKUM P A,NADEAU P H.Temperature controlled porosity/permeability reduction,fluid migration,and petroleum exploration in sedimentary basins[J].The APPEA Journal,1998,38(1):453-465.

THYBERG B,JAHREN J,WINJE T,et al.Quartz cementation in Late Cretaceous mudstones,northern North Sea:changes in rock properties due to dissolution of smectite and precipitation of micro-quartz crystals[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27(8):1752-1764.

G ÖTZE J.Application of cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy in geosciences[J].Microscopy and Microanalysis,2012,18(6):1270-1284.

GÖTZE J,PAN Yuanming,STEVENS-KALCEFF M,et al.Origin and significance of the yellow cathodoluminescence (CL)of quartz[J].American Mineralogist,2015,100(7):1469-1482.

GÖTZE J,HANCHAR J.Atlas of cathodoluminescence (CL)microtextures[R].St.John’s,NL,Canada:Geological Association of Canada,2018.

MUVLLER A,WIEDENBECK M,VAN DEN KERKHOF A M,et al.Trace elements in quartz—A combined electron microprobe,secondary ion mass spectrometry,laser-ablation ICP-MS,and cathodoluminescence study[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,2003,15(4):747-763.

RUSK B G,LOWERS H A,REED M H.Trace elements in hydrothermal quartz:relationships to cathodoluminescent textures and insights into vein formation[J].Geology,2008,36(7):547-550.

LEEMAN W P,MACRAE C M,WILSON N C,et al.A study of cathodoluminescence and trace element compositional zoning in natural quartz from volcanic rocks:mapping titanium content in quartz[J].Microscopy and Microanalysis,2012,18(6):1322-1341.

唐书恒,郗兆栋,朱卫平,等.上扬子地台上奥陶统五峰组页岩有机质聚集主控因素[J].煤炭学报,2020,45(1):285-295.

赵建华,金之钧,金振奎,等.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组含气页岩中石英成因研究[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):377-386.

KALCEFF M A S,PHILLIPS M R.Cathodoluminescence microcharacterization of the defect structure of quartz[J].Physical Review B,1995,52(5):3122-3134.

GÖTZE J,PLÖTZE M,HABERMANN D.Origin,spectral characteristics and practical applications of the cathodoluminescence (CL)of quartza review[J].Mineralogy and Petrology,2001,71(3):225-250.

VELDE B.Compaction trends of clay-rich deep sea sediments[J].Marine Geology,1996,133(3/4):193-201.

MILLIKEN K L,REED R M.Multiple causes of diagenetic fabric anisotropy in weakly consolidated mud,Nankai accretionary prism,IODP Expedition 316[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2010,32(12):1887-1898.

MILLIKEN K L,KO L T,POMMER M,et al.SEM petrography of eastern Mediterranean sapropels:analogue data for assessing organic matter in oil and gas shales[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2014,84(11):961-974.

DESBOIS G,URAI J L,KUKLA P A.Morphology of the pore space in claystonesevidence from BIB/FIB ion beam sectioning and cryo-SEM observations[J].eEarth Discussions,2009,4(1):1-19.

MONDOL N H,BJØRLYKKE K,JAHREN J,et al.Experimental mechanical compaction of clay mineral aggregates—Changes in physical properties of mudstones during burial[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(5):289-311.

LOUCKS R G,REED R M.Distinguishing organic matter pores associated with depositional organic matter versus migrated organic matter in mudrocks[R].Denver:AAPG,2015.

腾格尔,卢龙飞,俞凌杰,等.页岩有机质孔隙形成、保持及其连通性的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2021,48(4):687-699.

Views

179

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Geological problems in the effective development of deep shale gas: a case study of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in Sichuan Basin and its periphery

Sedimentary microfacies and microrelief of organic-rich shale in deep-water shelf and their control on reservoirs:a case study of shale from Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in southern Sichuan Basin

Nitrogen enrichment mechanism and nitrogen-rich shale gas genesis of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale in the Upper Yangtze block

Mechanisms and differences of self-sealing in shale gas reservoirs of Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

A new method for evaluating the mixed wettability of shale in Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan

Related Author

He Zhiliang

Nie Haikuan

Hu Dongfeng

Jiang Tingxue

Wang Ruyue

Zhang Yuying

Zhang Guangrong

Lu Zhiyuan

Related Institution

State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development

Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration & Production

Department of Science and Technology, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation

Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute

Sinopec Exploration Company

AI问答

⁰