Well logging evaluation method of reservoir fractures

Lai Jin; Su Yang; Dang Wenle; Ju Yingqi; Xin Yi; Chen Kangjun; Zhang Youpeng; Zhang Ronghu; Shan Xiang; Zhao Yidi; Wang Guiwen

doi:10.7623/syxb202511013

English Version Reader LoginJournal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Well logging evaluation method of reservoir fractures

更新时间：2025-12-10

- Well logging evaluation method of reservoir fractures
- ACTA PETROLEI SINICA Vol. 46, Issue 11, Pages: 2187-2210(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京),北京,102249
  2. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京,102249
  3. 中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆,库尔勒,841000
  4. 中国石油西南油气田公司开发事业部,四川,成都,610051
  5. 中国石油集团测井有限公司国际公司,北京,100101
  6. 中国石油杭州地质研究院,浙江,杭州,310023
  7. 中国石油集团测井有限公司测井技术研究院,北京,102206
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202511013
  CLC： E122.2
- Published Online：04 December 2025，
  
  Published：04 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赖锦, 苏洋, 党文乐, 琚颖淇, 信毅, 陈康军, 张有鹏, 张荣虎, 单祥, 赵仪迪, 王贵文. 储层裂缝测井评价技术[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(11): 2187-2210.

Lai Jin, Su Yang, Dang Wenle, et al. Well logging evaluation method of reservoir fractures[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(11): 2187-2210.
赖锦, 苏洋, 党文乐, 琚颖淇, 信毅, 陈康军, 张有鹏, 张荣虎, 单祥, 赵仪迪, 王贵文. 储层裂缝测井评价技术[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(11): 2187-2210. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202511013.

Lai Jin, Su Yang, Dang Wenle, et al. Well logging evaluation method of reservoir fractures[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(11): 2187-2210. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202511013.

摘要

“两深一非一老”(陆上深地、海域深水、非常规油气和老油田剩余油)储层均不同程度地发育裂缝

裂缝可以沟通基质孔隙

提升储层渗透率和油气井产能。系统归纳总结裂缝的测井识别与评价方法具有重要的理论与实践意义。基于国内外文献调研和自身工作实践

开展裂缝发育主控因素调研

梳理了裂缝识别与探测的主要地质与地球物理方法。研究结果表明:①构造应力场、构造样式和岩性组合等是裂缝发育的主控因素;②裂缝发育带导致井径发生变化、声波时差增大、密度降低以及电阻率显著降低;③裂缝发育带在阵列声波测井变密度图像上将呈现“V”字形干涉条纹

成像测井可直观地拾取裂缝面的形态和计算裂缝孔隙度等参数;④不同测井方法的融合

通过构建裂缝表征参数可实现裂缝发育带的半定量判别

人工智能融入可提升识别与探测裂缝的效率;⑤裂缝有效性评价主要侧重裂缝开启性和裂缝延伸性评价

与现今最大水平主应力方向平行且处于弱应力区的裂缝开启性较好;⑥裂缝延伸性可以依托不同探测深度测井资料

实现从井壁到井旁到远井的裂缝发育特征的判别。研究成果可为裂缝的测井识别与有效性评价提供理论指导与技术支持

助力“两深一非一老”油气增储上产。

Abstract

Fractures are developed to varying degrees in the hydrocarbon reservoirs characterized with deep strata

deep water environment

unconventional resources

and remaining oil in mature oilfield. These fractures can connect matrix pores

thus enhancing reservoir permeability and improving well productivity. Therefore

a systematic summary of methods for fracture logging identification and evaluation is of vital theoretical and practical significances. Based on a review of domestic and international literatures combined with our work experiences

this paper investigates the primary controlling factors of fracture development

and summarizes the main geological and geophysical methods for fracture identification and detection. The research results show as follows.(1)Tectonic stress field

structural style

and lithological association are identified as key factors for fracture development. (2)Fracture develop zones are characterized by variations in bore hole diameter

an increase ininterval transit time

a reduction inbulk density

and a reduction in significant resistivity. (3)On the array acoustic variable density logging image

the fracture development zones exhibit V-shape interference patterns

while formation imaging logs enable the direct extraction of fracture geometry and calculation of fracture parameters. (4)Construction of fracture characterization parameters through integration of multiple logging methods can enable semi-quantitative discrimination of fracture development zones

and artificial intelligence integration can enhance identification efficiency. (5)Fracture effectiveness evaluation mainly focuses on fracture openness and extendibility. Fractures that are aligned with the direction of the current maximum horizontal principal stress under stress relaxation conditions exhibit favorable openness. (6)Fracture extendibility can be assessed by integrating logging data obtained at various depths of investigation into formations

enabling the characterization of fractures in the bore hole wall

as well as near-well bore and far-field regions. These findings can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for fracture logging identification and its effectiveness evaluation

thereby increasing reserve and production in the abovesaid mature oilfield.

关键词

Keywords

references

黄维和,韩景宽,王玉生,等. 我国能源安全战略与对策探讨[J].中国工程科学,2021,23(1):112-117.

刘合,曹刚.新时期采油采气工程科技创新发展的挑战与机遇[J].石油钻采工艺,2022,44(5):529-539.

李阳,赵清民,薛兆杰.新一代油气开发技术体系构建与创新实践[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2023,47(5):45-54.

邹才能,马锋,潘松圻,等.世界能源转型革命与绿色智慧能源体系内涵及路径[J].石油勘探与开发,2023,50(3):633-647.

孙龙德,贾承造,张君峰,等.松辽盆地古龙页岩油重点地区资源潜力[J].石油学报,2024,45(12):1699-1714.

刘向君,段茜,梁利喜,等.基于邻点融合方法的碳酸盐岩孔隙结构统计模型及其声学响应特性[J].天然气工业,2023,43(4):43-50.

丁文龙,王垚,王生晖,等.页岩储层非构造裂缝研究进展与思考[J].地学前缘,2024,31(1):297-314.

刘敬寿,丁文龙,肖子亢,等.储层裂缝综合表征与预测研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2019,34(6):2283-2300.

李长海,赵伦,刘波,等.微裂缝研究进展、意义及发展趋势[J].天然气地球科学,2020,31(3):402-416.

LAI Jin,LIU Bingchang,LI Hongbin,et al.Bedding parallel fractures in fine-grained sedimentary rocks:recognition,formation mechanisms,and prediction using well log[J].Petroleum Science,2022,19(2):554-569.

巩磊,程宇琪,高帅,等.库车前陆盆地东部下侏罗统致密砂岩储层裂缝连通性表征及其主控因素[J].地球科学,2023,48(7):2475-2488.

LAI Jin,LIU Shichen,XIN Yi,et al.Geological-petrophysical insights in the deep Cambrian dolostone reservoirs in Tarim Basin,China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2021,105(11):2263-2296.

沈安江,胡安平,乔占峰,等.深-超深层碳酸盐岩储层发育与保持机理[J].中国科学:地球科学,2024,54(11):3403-3420.

曾联波,宋逸辰,韩俊,等.塔里木盆地构造流体作用对超深层断控碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2025,52(1):128-139.

AMEENMS,MACPHERSON K,AL-MARHOON MI,et al.Diverse fracture properties and their impact on performance in conventional and tight-gas reservoirs,Saudi Arabia:the Unayzah,South Haradh case study[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(3):459-492.

LAUBACH S E,ZENG Lianbo,HOOKER J N,et al.Deep and ultra-deep basin brittle deformation with focus on China[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2023,175:104938.

曾联波,巩磊,宿晓岑,等.深层—超深层致密储层天然裂缝分布特征及发育规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2024,45(1):1-14.

周心怀,王清斌,冯冲,等.渤海海域大型太古界潜山储层形成条件及地质意义[J].地球科学,2022,47(5):1534-1548.

谢玉洪,袁全社.中国近海深水深层油气地球物理勘探实践与展望[J].石油物探,2023,62(2):183-193.

徐长贵,杨海风,王飞龙,等.渤海湾盆地海域深层—超深层大型复合潜山油气藏形成条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2024,51(6): 1227-1239.

郭旭升,胡东风,魏祥峰,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩裂缝发育主控因素及对产能的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):799-808.

赖锦,李红斌,张梅,等.非常规油气时代测井地质学研究进展[J].古地理学报,2023,25(5):1118-1138.

尹帅,张子阳,张星星,等.扇三角洲前缘非常规致密油储层裂缝发育模式:以泌阳凹陷东南部古近系核三段为例[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):139-155.

HUANG Yuyue,WANG Guiwen,KUANG Lichun,et al.Recognition and impact on reservoir quality of fractures in fine-grained sedimentary rocks using image and array acoustic logs[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2025,173:107284.

李国欣,贾承造,赵群,等.煤岩气成藏机理与煤系全油气系统[J].石油勘探与开发,2025,52(1):29-43.

朱圣举,赵向原,张皎生,等.低渗透砂岩油藏天然裂缝开启压力及影响因素[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(4):573-578.

徐小童,曾联波,董少群,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深气藏超深层致密砂岩储层天然裂缝发育特征及对水侵的影响[J].石油实验地质,2024,46(4):812-822.

董少群,曾联波,冀春秋,等.超深层致密砂岩裂缝测井识别深度核方法[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):166-176.

张冠杰,张滨鑫,徐珂,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜区块超深层致密砂岩储层裂缝特征及其对油气产能的影响[J].地质科技通报,2024,43(2):75-86.

LAUBACHSE,LANDERRH,CRISCENTILJ,et al.The role of chemistry in fracture pattern development and opportunities to advance interpretations of geological materials[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2019,57(3):1065-1111.

孙帅,侯贵廷.岩石力学参数影响断背斜内张裂缝发育带的概念模型[J].石油与天然气地质,2020,41(3):455-462.

鞠玮,杨慧,侯贵廷,等.复杂构造变形区断控裂缝发育分布模式[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):130-138.

巩磊,秦欣楠,高帅,等.变质岩潜山多尺度裂缝发育特征及裂缝网络结构模式:以渤中Z变质岩潜山为例[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):332-343.

陈旋,贾雪丽,王波,等.吐哈盆地丘东洼陷深层致密砂岩油气富集主控因素[J].中国海上油气,2024,36(6):26-38.

WANG Song,WANG Guiwen,ZENG Lianbo,et al.New method for logging identification of natural fractures in shale reservoirs:the Fengcheng Formation of the Mahu sag,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2025,176:107346.

赖锦,王贵文,孙思勉,等.致密砂岩储层裂缝测井识别评价方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1712-1724.

LAI Jin,SU Yang,XIAO Lu,et al.Application of geophysical well logs in solving geologic issues:past,present and future prospect[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2024,15(3):101779.

张冲,叶青,周伟,等.基于力学层划分的火成岩潜山裂缝分形维变识别方法[J].地球科学,2025,50(2):521-534.

LAI Jin,WANG Guiwen,FAN Zhuoying,et al.Fracture detection in oil-based drilling mud using a combination of borehole image and sonic logs[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,84:195-214.

秦瑞宝,曹景记,李雄炎,等.变质岩潜山储层裂缝声波测井评价方法及其在渤中19-6气田的应用[J].中国海上油气,2021,33(3):77-84.

徐芳,张文旗,张兴阳,等.裂缝性碳酸盐岩气藏相控条件下测井裂缝解释——以土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸为例[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(8):1549-1556.

董春梅,孙裔婷,马存飞,等.基于地质模式约束的天然裂缝测井识别方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2020,35(4):1352-1363.

王珂,杨海军,李勇,等.库车坳陷克深气田致密砂岩储层构造裂缝形成序列与分布规律[J].大地构造与成矿学,2020,44(1): 30-46.

王志民,王翠丽,徐珂,等.超深层致密砂岩构造裂缝发育特征及控制因素——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜—大北地区下白垩统储集层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2023,34(9):1535-1551.

刘卫彬,张世奇,徐兴友,等.东濮凹陷沙三段致密砂岩储层裂缝形成机制及对储层物性的影响[J].大地构造与成矿学,2019,43(1):58-68.

李长海,赵伦,刘波,等.碳酸盐岩裂缝研究进展及发展趋势[J].地质科技通报,2021,40(4):31-48.

LI Hongbin,WANG Guiwen,LI Yuhang,et al.Fault-karst systems in the deep Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Yingshan Formation of Tahe oilfield Tarim Basin,China[J].Geoenergy Science and Engineering,2023,231:212338.

韩鹏远,丁文龙,杨德彬,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝表征与主控因素分析[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):209-226.

李云涛,丁文龙,韩俊,等.顺北地区走滑断裂带奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝分布预测与主控因素研究[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):263-287.

王濡岳,丁文龙,龚大建,等.渝东南—黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝发育特征与主控因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(7): 832-845.

PANG Xiaojiao,WANG Guiwen,KUANG Lichun,et al.Lamellation fractures in shale oil reservoirs:recognition,prediction and their influence on oil enrichment[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2023,148:106032.

王勇飞,赵向原,刘成川.川东北元坝地区长兴组礁滩相储层裂缝特征及主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2019,30(7):973-981.

李理,桑晓彤,陈霞飞.低渗透储层裂缝研究现状及进展[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(6):2472-2484.

赖锦,白天宇,肖露,等.地应力测井评价方法及其地质与工程意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2023,44(4):1033-1043.

曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场与低渗透油田开发[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):91-93.

YANG Chengwei,WANG Chenghu.Tensile fractures and in situ stress measurement data constraints on Cretaceous—present tectonic stress field evolution of the Tanlu fault zone in Shandong Province,North China craton[J].Acta Geologica Sinica:English Edition,2023,97(6):1616-1624.

张荣虎,魏国齐,王珂,等.前陆冲断带构造逆冲推覆作用与岩石响应特征——以库车坳陷东部中—下侏罗统为例[J].岩石学报,2021,37(7):2256-2270.

何巧林,王珂,胡春雷,等.深层致密砂砾岩储层构造裂缝分布规律与有效性评价——以库车坳陷KT1气藏亚格列木组为例[J].海相油气地质,2024,29(4):437-447.

毛哲,曾联波,刘国平,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系深层致密砂岩储层裂缝及其有效性[J].石油与天然气地质,2020,41(6):1212-1221.

孟庆修,曹自成,丁文龙,等.塔北隆起南斜坡带三道桥气田寒武系裂缝型白云岩储层裂缝期次差异与分布规律[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):247-262.

ZOBACKM D,BARTONC A,BRUDYM,et al.Determination of stress orientation and magnitude in deep wells[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(7/8):1049-1076.

LAI Jin,LI Dong,WANG Guiwen,et al.Earth stress and reservoir quality evaluation in high and steep structure:the Lower Cretaceous in the Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2019,101:43-54.

张辉,张冠杰,徐珂,等.库车坳陷应力状态转换特征及其地质与力学响应[J].地学前缘,2024,31(5):177-194.

何文渊,孙宁亮,张金友,等.陆相湖盆富有机质泥页岩中方解石脉成因及油气地质意义——以松辽盆地白垩系青山口组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2024,51(5):937-950.

赫俊民,王小垚,孙建芳,等.塔里木盆地塔河地区中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层天然裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2019,40(5):1022-1030.

刘君龙,刘忠群,刘振峰,等.四川盆地新场构造带深层须二段致密砂岩断褶裂缝体特征和地质模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2023,50(3):530-540.

吴青鹏,杨占龙,郭精义,等.背斜型构造储层裂缝预测方法探讨——以JLS地区须二段储层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):719-722.

刘振峰,刘忠群,郭元岭,等."断缝体"概念、地质模式及其在裂缝预测中的应用——以四川盆地川西坳陷新场地区须家河组二段致密砂岩气藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2021,42(4):973-980.

王振宇,刘超,张云峰,等.库车坳陷K区块冲断带深层白垩系致密砂岩裂缝发育规律、控制因素与属性建模研究[J].岩石学报,2016,32(3):865-876.

曾联波,周天伟.塔里木盆地库车坳陷储层裂缝分布规律[J].天然气工业,2004,24(9):23-25.

曾联波,漆家福,王成刚,等.构造应力对裂缝形成与流体流动的影响[J].地学前缘,2008,15(3):292-298.

张志强,郑军卫.低渗透油气资源勘探开发技术进展[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(8):854-864.

戴俊生,冯建伟,李明,等.砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨[J].地学前缘,2011,18(2):277-283.

徐炳高,李阳兵,葛祥,等.川西须家河组致密碎屑岩裂缝分布规律与影响因素分析[J].测井技术,2010,34(5):437-441.

曾联波,李忠兴,史成恩,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组特低渗透砂岩储层裂缝特征及成因[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):174-180.

王俊鹏,曾联波,周露,等.塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带超深层储层裂缝发育模式及开发意义[J].地球科学,2023,48(7):2520-2534.

GROSS M R,FISCHER M P,ENGELDER T,et al.Factors controlling joint spacing in interbedded sedimentary rocks:integrating numerical models with field observations from the Monterey Formation,USA[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1995,92(1):215-233.

曾联波,吕鹏,屈雪峰,等.致密低渗透储层多尺度裂缝及其形成地质条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2020,41(3):449-454.

杜晓宇,金之钧,曾联波,等.基于成像测井的深层陆相页岩油储层天然裂缝有效性评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2024,45(3):852-865.

吕文雅,曾联波,陈双全,等.致密低渗透砂岩储层多尺度天然裂缝表征方法[J].地质论评,2021,67(2):543-556.

周文,张银德,闫长辉,等.泌阳凹陷安棚油田核三段储层裂缝成因、期次及分布研究[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):157-165.

陈星岳,徐占杰,杜红权,等.川东北须家河组致密砂岩裂缝储集体识别与控藏作用[J].天然气地球科学,2025,36(1):114-126.

范晓丽,苏培东,闫丰明.储层裂缝的研究内容及方法[J].断块油气田,2009,16(6):40-42.

曾联波,王正国,肖淑容,等.中国西部盆地挤压逆冲构造带低角度裂缝的成因及意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):56-60.

申本科,胡永乐,田昌炳,等.陆相砂砾岩油藏裂缝发育特征分析——以克拉玛依油田八区乌尔禾组油藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):41-44.

司马立强,姚军朋,黄丹,等.合川气田须家河组低孔隙度低渗透率砂岩储层有效性测井评价[J].测井技术,2011,35(3):254-258.

赵俊峰,纪友亮,陈汉林,等.电成像测井在东濮凹陷裂缝性砂岩储层评价中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):383-390.

ZENG Lianbo,LYU Wenya,ZHANG Yunzhao,et al.The effect of multi-scale faults and fractures on oil enrichment and production in tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study in the southwestern Ordos Basin,China[J].Frontiers in Earth Science,2021,9:664629.

张筠,朱小红,李阳兵,等.川西深层致密碎屑岩储层测井评价[J].天然气工业,2010,30(1):31-35.

马珊,林伟,王清晨,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组中段剪裂缝方向分析[J].科学通报,2016,61(27):3049-3063.

LAI Jin,WANG Guiwen,WANG Song,et al.A review on the applications of image logs in structural analysis and sedimentary characterization[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,95:139-166.

廖海博,刘红岐,崔云江,等.基于常规测井的变质岩裂缝识别方法研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2023,43(4):189-198.

王俊鹏,曾联波,徐振平,等.成岩流体对超深致密砂岩储层构造裂缝充填及溶蚀改造的影响:以塔里木盆地克拉苏油气田为例[J].地学前缘,2024,31(3):312-323.

印兴耀,马妮,马正乾,等.地应力预测技术的研究现状与进展[J].石油物探,2018,57(4):488-504.

赖锦,王贵文,庞小娇,等.测井地质学前世、今生与未来——写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时[J].地质论评, 2021,67(6):1804-1828.

赖锦,王贵文,陈敏,等.基于岩石物理相的储集层孔隙结构分类评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):566-573.

王珂,张荣虎,王俊鹏,等.超深层致密砂岩储层构造裂缝分布特征及其成因——以塔里木盆地库车前陆冲断带克深气田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2021,42(2):338-353.

ANDERSMH,LAUBACHSE,SCHOLZCH.Microfractures:a review[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2014,69:377-394.

吕文雅,曾联波,周思宾,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部致密砂岩储层微观裂缝特征及控制因素——以红河油田长8储层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2020,31(1):37-46.

刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,等.库车前陆冲断带多尺度裂缝成因及其储集意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(3):463-472.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Progress on artificial intelligence methods in oil and gas drilling and production

Efficient and rapid inversion of fracture parameters of fracturing horizontal wells based on feature points and improved CNN

Effect of structural fractures in ultra-deep reservoirs on promoting dissolution, enhancing porosity and increasing permeability:a case study of Cretaceous sandstone in Kuqa foreland thrust belt,Tarim Basin

Migration law of fracture filling fluid in ultra-deep clastic reservoirs: a case study of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen well block,Kuqa depression

Status and development trends of intelligent drilling technology

Related Author

Sun Baojiang

Zhou Ziqiang

Sun Qian

Chen Zhiming

Zhu Haifeng

Zhao Hui

Dong Peng

Liao Xinwei

Related Institution

School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum

School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum

College of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Petroleum

College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University

AI问答

⁰