Rock-breaking mechanism of PDC cutter under hydrostatic pressures

Zhu Xiaohua; Yang Feilong; Liu Weiji

doi:10.7623/syxb202510009

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Rock-breaking mechanism of PDC cutter under hydrostatic pressures

更新时间：2025-11-08

- Rock-breaking mechanism of PDC cutter under hydrostatic pressures
- ACTA PETROLEI SINICA Vol. 46, Issue 10, Pages: 1943-1959(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西南石油大学机电工程学院,四川,成都,610500
  2. 石油天然气装备技术四川省科技资源共享服务平台,四川,成都,610500
  3. 石油天然气装备教育部重点实验室,四川,成都,610500
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202510009
  CLC： TE21
- Published Online：04 November 2025，
  
  Published：04 November 2025
- 稿件说明：
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祝效华, 阳飞龙, 刘伟吉. 液柱压力下PDC齿切削破岩机理[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(10): 1943-1959.

Zhu Xiaohua, Yang Feilong, Liu Weiji. Rock-breaking mechanism of PDC cutter under hydrostatic pressures[J]. Acta petrolei sinica, 2025, 46(10): 1943-1959.
祝效华, 阳飞龙, 刘伟吉. 液柱压力下PDC齿切削破岩机理[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(10): 1943-1959. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202510009.

Zhu Xiaohua, Yang Feilong, Liu Weiji. Rock-breaking mechanism of PDC cutter under hydrostatic pressures[J]. Acta petrolei sinica, 2025, 46(10): 1943-1959. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202510009.

摘要

在深层致密油气勘探开发中

钻井面临高围压、高液柱压力等挑战

导致钻头磨损和断齿等工程问题频发。为理解深部致密地层钻齿破岩机理

研究了孔隙度不同的砂岩、花岗岩及页岩在干燥、饱和及液压状态下的力学特性和切削行为

综合分析了不同切削环境下的岩石破碎差异。研究结果表明:水浸泡会降低岩石力学强度

页岩受影响最大

砂岩最小;液压下岩石抗压强度随液压增加呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势。饱和岩石切削力更低

岩屑尺寸更小

切痕更光滑

破碎效率更高。液压下

岩石以塑性失效为主

切削力和破岩比功增加

能量耗散更大

岩屑易堆积黏附

并伴随泥化现象。在孔压及压差平衡影响下

孔隙率低的花岗岩和页岩切削力随液压增加而增大

砂岩切削力则因过高液压而降低。常压下岩石多为脆性破碎

围压使脆性破碎减弱

液压环境使岩石从脆性破碎转变为塑性破碎。

Abstract

In the exploration and development of deep tight oil and gas reservoirs

drilling operations face significant challenges due to high confining pressures and high hydrostatic pressure

which result in frequent engineering problems such as bit wear and cutter breakage. To better understand the rock-breaking mechanism of bits in deep tight formations

this study investigates the mechanical properties and cutting behavior of sandstone

granite

and shale with different porosities under dry

saturated

and hydrostatic conditions. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to explore the variations in rock-breaking across different cutting conditions. The results show that water saturation reduces the mechanical strength of rocks

with the greatest impact on shale and the least influence on sandstone. Under hydrostatic pressures

the compressive strength of rocks initially increases with pressure

then decreases

and subsequently increases again. Saturated rocks exhibit lower cutting forces

smaller cutting sizes

smoother cut marks

and higher rock-breaking efficiency. Under hydrostatic pressures

rock failure predominantly occurs through plastic deformation

characterized by increased cutting forces and mechanical specific energy (MSE)for rock breaking

enhanced energy dissipation

and a tendency for cuttings to accumulate and adhere

accompanied by muddling phenomena. Under the influence of pore pressure and pressure differential balance

the cutting force for low-porosity granite and shale increases with the rising hydrostatic pressure

while the cutting force of sandstone decreases due to excessively high hydraulic pressure. At atmospheric pressure

rocks typically undergo brittle fracture

whereas confining pressure reduces the extent of brittle fracture

and the hydraulic environment facilitates the transition of rock failure from brittle to ductile fracture.

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