Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site

Mu Lijun; Qi Yin; Chen Wenbin; Xu Rongli; Bai Jie; Tu Zhiyong; Ye Kai

doi:10.7623/syxb202509009

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Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site

更新时间：2025-10-18

- Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site
- ACTA PETROLEI SINICA Vol. 46, Issue 9, Pages: 1764-1775(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国石油长庆油田公司陕西西安 710018
  2. 低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室陕西西安 710018
  3. 中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院陕西西安 710018
  4. 中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司陕西西安 710018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202509009
  CLC： TE357
- Published Online：11 October 2025，
  
  Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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慕立俊, 齐银, 陈文斌, 徐荣利, 拜杰, 涂志勇, 叶凯. 庆城页岩油水力压裂试验场岩心裂缝及支撑剂分布特征[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(9): 1764-1775.

Mu Lijun, Qi Yin, Chen Wenbin, et al. Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site[J]. Acta petrolei sinica, 2025, 46(9): 1764-1775.
慕立俊, 齐银, 陈文斌, 徐荣利, 拜杰, 涂志勇, 叶凯. 庆城页岩油水力压裂试验场岩心裂缝及支撑剂分布特征[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(9): 1764-1775. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202509009.

Mu Lijun, Qi Yin, Chen Wenbin, et al. Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site[J]. Acta petrolei sinica, 2025, 46(9): 1764-1775. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202509009.

摘要

目前非常规储层水力压裂存在压裂缝网空间展布形态与裂缝支撑程度不明确的问题

为此长庆油田率先开辟了庆城页岩油水力压裂试验场(HFTS)项目。对取心流程进行了分析

并根据各类裂缝缝面特征

建立了裂缝性质判识标准

主要分为层理缝、构造缝、人工压裂裂缝、诱导裂缝等。提供了两种识别支撑剂的途径:一是岩屑录井阶段对岩屑中的支撑剂识别;二是岩心观察期间识别裂缝壁面的支撑剂。HFTS共取心661 m

发现裂缝767条

其中人工裂缝326条

岩心壁面的染色支撑剂薄层或嵌痕数量为27条

录井岩屑中支撑剂普遍存在。从裂缝空间展布方面看

水力裂缝半长可达220 m

裂缝高度可达66.6 m

同时在距离压裂井175 m处以及缝高方向49.3 m的范围内的取心井人工裂缝中观察到支撑剂

但整体上铺置浓度较低。裂缝主要呈条带状平行状、集群式分布

裂缝复杂程度不高

对储层覆盖程度不足。

Abstract

Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoir is currently challenged by limited understanding of the spatial configuration of fracture networks and the effectiveness of proppant placement. To address these issues

Changqing oilfield has taken the lead in establishing the Qingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site (HFTS)

the first of its kind in China. This study outlines the coring procedure and develops a set of criteria for fracture characterization based on fracture surface morphology. Fractures are primarily categorized into bedding fractures

structural fractures

hydraulic fractures

and drilling-induced fractures. Two approaches are proposed for proppant identification

i.e.

analyzing drilling cuttings for the presence of proppant during the mud logging stage

and identifying proppant residues or imprints on fracture surfaces during core observation. A total of 661 meters of cores were retrieved from HFTS

revealing 767 fractures

of which 326 were identified as being hydraulically induced. A total of 27 pieces of proppant residues or imprints were observed on fracture surfaces

and proppant particles were commonly detected in the drilling cuttings. In terms of spatial distribution

hydraulic fractures exhibit the half-lengths of up to 220 meters and heights reaching 66.6 meters. Proppant was detected within induced fractures in the coring well located as far as 175 meters from the fractured well and up to 49.3 meters in height; however

the overall proppant concentration remained relatively low. Fractures predominantly display parallel

banded

and clustered spatial patterns

characterized by relatively low complexity and insufficient reservoir coverage.

关键词

Keywords

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