Phase analysis of shale gas occurrence based on carbon isotope fractionation and reservoir properties:a case study of the marine-terrestrial transitional shale in Member 2 of Shanxi Formation, Ordos Basin

Zhang Qin; Liu Yu; Qiu Zhen; Liu Wen; Kong Weiliang; Pang Zhenglian; Gao Wanli; Cai Guangyin; Li Xingtao; Lin Wenji

doi:10.7623/syxb202509005

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Phase analysis of shale gas occurrence based on carbon isotope fractionation and reservoir properties:a case study of the marine-terrestrial transitional shale in Member 2 of Shanxi Formation, Ordos Basin

更新时间：2025-10-18

- Phase analysis of shale gas occurrence based on carbon isotope fractionation and reservoir properties:a case study of the marine-terrestrial transitional shale in Member 2 of Shanxi Formation, Ordos Basin
- ACTA PETROLEI SINICA Vol. 46, Issue 9, Pages: 1707-1719(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083
  2. 国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心河北廊坊 065007
  3. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司煤岩气重点实验室河北廊坊 065007
  4. 中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院北京 100083
  5. 中石油煤层气有限责任公司北京 100028
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202509005
  CLC： TE122.2
- Published Online：11 October 2025，
  
  Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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张琴, 刘宇, 邱振, 刘雯, 孔维亮, 庞正炼, 高万里, 蔡光银, 李星涛, 林文姬. 基于碳同位素分馏、储层物性的页岩气赋存相态分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组2段海陆过渡相页岩为例[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(9): 1707-1719.

Zhang Qin, Liu Yu, Qiu Zhen, et al. Phase analysis of shale gas occurrence based on carbon isotope fractionation and reservoir properties:a case study of the marine-terrestrial transitional shale in Member 2 of Shanxi Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta petrolei sinica, 2025, 46(9): 1707-1719.
张琴, 刘宇, 邱振, 刘雯, 孔维亮, 庞正炼, 高万里, 蔡光银, 李星涛, 林文姬. 基于碳同位素分馏、储层物性的页岩气赋存相态分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组2段海陆过渡相页岩为例[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(9): 1707-1719. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202509005.

Zhang Qin, Liu Yu, Qiu Zhen, et al. Phase analysis of shale gas occurrence based on carbon isotope fractionation and reservoir properties:a case study of the marine-terrestrial transitional shale in Member 2 of Shanxi Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta petrolei sinica, 2025, 46(9): 1707-1719. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202509005.

摘要

中国海陆过渡相页岩气的赋存相态(吸附气、游离气的占比)存在较大争议

制约了海陆过渡相页岩气原位含气量评估与开发方案优化。以鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块山西组二段海陆过渡相页岩为例

通过扫描电镜观察以及氮气、二氧化碳吸附实验分析了页岩的孔隙结构特征

并通过甲烷等温吸附实验表征了气体的赋存特征

最后采用保压取心+同位素测定法以及孔隙结构+分子模拟法两种方法对海陆过渡相页岩中所含的吸附气、游离气占比进行了验证。研究发现

海陆过渡相页岩中的有机质组分以镜质组和惰质组为主

页岩在扫描电镜下致密且少有纳米级有机质孔发育

但发育孔径小于2 nm的微孔;微孔对甲烷的吸附能力强

储层中的吸附气赋存在有机质微孔中

而介孔与宏孔主要为无机质所贡献

是游离气的主要赋存场所。在保压取气过程中

页岩气中的甲烷碳同位素呈现出明显的两阶段变化:保压阶段

甲烷的碳同位素值保持稳定

主要反映赋存于介孔、宏孔中的游离气产出;解吸阶段

甲烷的碳同位素值逐渐变重

反映赋存于微孔中的吸附气的产出。根据保压取心+同位素测定法

计算获得页岩样品的吸附气占比为84.5%

游离气占比为15.5%。此外

根据海陆过渡相页岩的孔隙结构数据

采用分子模拟法计算了页岩样品中的吸附气、游离气的理论占比

其结果与保压取心+同位素测定法的计算结果基本一致

分别为85.2%和14.8%。保压取心+同位素测定法以及孔隙结构+分子模拟法的分析结果均揭示了海陆过渡相页岩气中吸附气占比高的特性

这种特性使得相关页岩气井的产能曲线呈现出生产初期产量低、衰减较慢、稳产时间较长的特点。研究结果以期指导海陆过渡相页岩气的勘探开发

分析方法也可用于海相页岩气、深部煤层气中吸附气、游离气占比的计算。

Abstract

The occurrence phases of marine-terrestrial transitional facies shale gas in China

particularly the proportions of adsorbed and free gas

remain highly debated. This controversy restricts accurate evaluation of in-situ gas content and optimization of development strategies for transitional facies shale gas. Taking the marine-terrestrial transitional shale of Member 2 of Shanxi Formation in the Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin as a case study

the pore structure characteristics of the shale were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption experiments. Methane isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted to characterize the gas occurrence features. Finally

the proportions of adsorbed and free gas in the transitional shale were validated using two methods: pressure-maintained coring combined with isotope determination

and pore structure analysis coupled with molecular simulation. The study shows that the organic matter in the marine-terrestrial transitional shale is predominantly composed of vitrinite and inertinite. SEM reveals that the shale is dense with limited development of nanoscale organic pores

but micropores with diameters less than 2 nm are well developed. These micropores exhibit strong methane adsorption capacity

where adsorbed gas is primarily stored in organic matter micropores. In contrast

mesopores and macropores are mainly developed in inorganic matter and serve as the primary occurrence space for free gas. During the pressure-maintained gas extraction process

methane carbon isotopes in shale gas exhibit distinct two-stage variations: during the pressure-maintained stage

the carbon isotope values of methane remain stable

primarily reflecting the production of free gas stored in mesopores and macropores; during the desorption stage

the carbon isotope compositions progressively become heavier

indicating the production of adsorbed gas stored in micropores. Based on pressure-maintained coring combined with isotope determination

the adsorbed gas proportion in the shale samples was calculated to be 84.5 %

with free gas accounting for 15.5 % . Furthermore

based on the pore structure data of the marine-terrestrial transitional shale

molecular simulation was employed to calculate the theoretical proportions of adsorbed and free gas in the shale samples. The results are generally consistent with those obtained by pressure-maintained coring combined with isotope determination; adsorbed gas and free gas account for 85.2 % and 14.8 %

respectively. The analyses based on pressure-maintained coring combined with isotope determination and pore structure coupled with molecular simulation both reveal a high proportion of adsorbed gas in marine-terrestrial transitional facies shale gas. As a result of this feature

the production curves of related shale gas wells exhibit low initial output

slow decline rates

and extended stable production periods. The research findings aim to guide the exploration and development of marine-terrestrial transitional facies shale gas. Moreover

the analytical methods employed can be applied to calculate the proportions of adsorbed and free gas in marine shale gas and deep coalbed methane reservoirs.

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