Microscopic structure evolution and macroscopic mechanical response of oil shale under anhydrous and near/supercritical water pyrolysis

Kang Zhiqin; Wu Zhihui; Wang Lei; Yang Dong; Zhao Jing; Han Hexu; Zhao Yangsheng

doi:10.7623/syxb202504010

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Microscopic structure evolution and macroscopic mechanical response of oil shale under anhydrous and near/supercritical water pyrolysis

更新时间：2025-12-13

- Microscopic structure evolution and macroscopic mechanical response of oil shale under anhydrous and near/supercritical water pyrolysis
- ACTA PETROLEI SINICA Vol. 46, Issue 4, Pages: 801-815(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 太原理工大学原位改性采矿教育部重点实验室,山西,太原,030024
  2. 太原理工大学国家油页岩原位注热开采分中心,山西,太原,030024
  3. 太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西,太原,030024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202504010
  CLC： E357
- Published Online：10 May 2025，
  
  Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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康志勤, 武致辉, 王磊, 杨栋, 赵静, 韩贺旭, 赵阳升. 油页岩无水、近/超临界水热解细观结构演变及宏观力学响应[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(4): 801-815.

Kang Zhiqin, Wu Zhihui, Wang Lei, et al. Microscopic structure evolution and macroscopic mechanical response of oil shale under anhydrous and near/supercritical water pyrolysis[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(4): 801-815.
康志勤, 武致辉, 王磊, 杨栋, 赵静, 韩贺旭, 赵阳升. 油页岩无水、近/超临界水热解细观结构演变及宏观力学响应[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(4): 801-815. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202504010.

Kang Zhiqin, Wu Zhihui, Wang Lei, et al. Microscopic structure evolution and macroscopic mechanical response of oil shale under anhydrous and near/supercritical water pyrolysis[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(4): 801-815. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202504010.

摘要

对流加热技术是油页岩地下原位干馏技术中关键可行的技术之一。以水蒸汽作为载热流体的方式已被证明在技术流程和经济性方面具有显著优势

深部高地应力环境会使低压高温蒸汽转变为近/超临界水状态。通过无水传导加热、近/超临界水加热热解油页岩的实验

结合显微CT扫描技术、三轴渗透测试以及单轴压缩力学试验对比研究了不同热解环境下油页岩细观孔隙裂隙结构演化过程以及宏观渗透、力学变化规律

阐释了由不同环境热解引发的油页岩宏细观特性差异机制。研究结果表明

近/超临界水热解条件下油页岩的孔隙度、裂隙发育程度远高于无水热解条件

其中

孔隙度相差近10倍

无水热解、近/超临界水热解环境下裂隙最大宽度分别由约30 μm增加至约150 μm

近/超临界水热解后矿物的变化显著影响了油页岩的细观结构

形成的伊/蒙混层之间具有大量的微米—纳米级孔隙。不同地应力及孔隙压力条件下

无水热解的渗透率均低于0.04 mD

而近/超临界水环境的渗透率达到了0.1~0.7 mD

两者相差20~50倍。超临界水具备更强的渗透性、传热性、溶解性和携带性

油页岩在超临界水热解环境中不仅会形成大量的平行层理方向裂隙

同时会产生沟通层理方向的层间交叉裂隙

表现为细观结构更复杂及渗流通道更通畅。近/超临界水环境下油页岩的抗压强度显著小于同温度无水环境

近/超临界水的参与明显加快了有机质的分解

使得油页岩能在更低温度情况下出现离层。研究结果为深部油页岩等富有机质岩的对流加热开采提供了理论前提。

Abstract

Convective heating technology is one of the key feasible technologies in the in-situ retorting of oil shale. The use of steam as a heat-carrying fluid has been shown to have significant advantages in terms of technical process and economy. In deep high-stress environments

low-pressure high-temperature steam can be transformed into near/supercritical water. In this study

experiments were performed on oil shale pyrolysis through anhydrous conduction heating and near/supercritical water heating. Combined with micro-CT scanning

triaxial permeability tests

and uniaxial compression mechanical tests

an in-depth comparative study was conducted on the evolution of microscopic pore and fracture structures of oil shale as well as the macroscopic permeability and mechanical changes under different pyrolysis environments

thus explaining the differential mechanisms of macro and micro oil shale characteristics induced by different pyrolysis conditions. The porosity and fracture development degree of oil shale under near/supercritical water pyrolysis conditions are much higher than those under anhydrous pyrolysis condition

with the porosity differences of nearly ten times. The maximum crack width is increased from around 30 μm to about 150 μm under near/supercritical water conditions. The changes in minerals after near/supercritical water pyrolysis significantly affect the microscopic structure of oil shale

forming numerous micro-nano pores between the illite-smectite mixed layers. Under different stress and pore pressure conditions

the permeability achieved by anhydrous pyrolysis is below 0.04 mD

while the permeability under near/supercritical water conditions reaches 0.1-0.7 mD

differing by nearly 20 to 50 times. By contrast

supercritical water has stronger permeability

heat transfer capacity

solubility

and carrying capacity. In the supercritical water pyrolysis environment

oil shale forms numerous fractures along parallel beddings and interlaminar cross fractures connecting beddings

shown as more complex microscopic structures and smoother flow channels. The compressive strength of oil shale under near/supercritical water conditions is significantly lower than that in an anhydrous environment at the same temperature. The participation of near/supercritical water accelerates the decomposition of organic matter

causing oil shale to delaminate at a lower temperature. The results provide a theoretical basis for the convective heating exploitation of deep oil shale and other organic-rich rocks.

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Pilot test of in-situ steam injection for oil and gas production from oil shale and applicability of multi-mode in-situ thermal recovery technology

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