
1.东南大学电气工程学院,江苏省南京市 210096
2.国网辽宁省电力有限公司,辽宁省沈阳市 110002
3.西安交通大学电气工程学院,陕西省西安市 710117
4.伦敦帝国理工学院电气与电子工程系,伦敦 SW7 2AZ,英国
Received:12 March 2026,
Revised:2026-05-26,
Online First:06 August 2026,
Published:10 October 2026
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SONG Meng,SUN Yaofei,ZHENG Shanqi,et al.Key Technical Challenges and Prospects of Active Grid Support from Uninterruptible Power Supply of Data Centers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(19):20-34.
宋梦,孙要飞,郑善奇等.数据中心不间断电源主动电网支撑关键技术挑战与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(19):20-34. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20260312008.
SONG Meng,SUN Yaofei,ZHENG Shanqi,et al.Key Technical Challenges and Prospects of Active Grid Support from Uninterruptible Power Supply of Data Centers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(19):20-34. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20260312008.
能源结构转型与双碳战略推进使电力系统对灵活性资源的需求持续增长。数据中心(DC)普遍配置大规模不间断电源(UPS),其冗余储能具备参与电网支撑的潜力。针对传统UPS长期定位于事故备用、正常工况利用率偏低、主动支撑技术体系尚不清晰等问题,文中围绕DC-UPS主动电网支撑开展系统梳理。从供电架构、冗余容量、政策激励、经济性和工程实践等方面分析应用基础,明确以关键信息技术负载可靠供电为前提、以冗余容量释放为边界的核心内涵,构建由UPS拓扑、柔性控制、集群互联和优化决策组成的4层技术架构。进一步,归纳双向能量路由、有功/无功解耦控制、UPS集群动态安全域及多市场耦合决策等挑战,并展望高压直流供电、模块化级联拓扑、规模化集群安全运行与多维约束调控方向。
The transformation of energy structure and the advancement of the carbon emission peaking and carbon neutrality strategy have continuously increased the demand for flexibility resources in power systems. Data centers (DCs) are commonly equipped with large-scale uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
and their redundant energy storage resources have the potential to participate in grid support. Given conventional UPS systems have long been considered as contingency reserve
their utilization rates under normal operating conditions are low
and the technical system for active grid support is unclear
a systematic review is conducted on DC-UPS-based active grid support (DCUGS). The application basis of DCUGS is analyzed from the perspectives of power supply architecture
redundant capacity
policy incentives
economic feasibility
and engineering practices. The core connotation of DCUGS is clarified
with reliable power supply for critical information technology loads as the prerequisite and the release of redundant UPS capacity as the boundary. A four-layer technical architecture consisting of UPS topology
flexible control
cluster interconnection
and optimization decision-making is constructed. Furthermore
key technical challenges are summarized
including bidirectional energy routing
active/reactive power decoupling control
dynamic security region characterization of UPS clusters
and multi-market coupling decision-making. Finally
future research directions are discussed
including high voltage direct current power supply
modular cascaded topology
secure operation of large-scale UPS clusters
and regulation under multidimensional constraints.
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