
1.沈阳工业大学电气工程学院,辽宁省沈阳市 110870
2.东北大学电气工程学院,辽宁省沈阳市110167
3.丹麦奥尔堡大学计算机系,奥尔堡 9220,丹麦
Received:10 September 2025,
Revised:2026-06-16,
Online First:07 July 2026,
Published:10 October 2026
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ZHENG Fangfang,SUN Qiuye,HUANG Yujia,et al.Game Trading Strategy for Data Center Aggregators in Medium- and Long-term and Spot Markets[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(19):96-109.
郑芳芳,孙秋野,黄雨佳等.面向中长期与现货市场的数据中心聚合商博弈交易策略[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(19):96-109. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20250910004.
ZHENG Fangfang,SUN Qiuye,HUANG Yujia,et al.Game Trading Strategy for Data Center Aggregators in Medium- and Long-term and Spot Markets[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(19):96-109. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20250910004.
电力市场价格存在长期波动性。单一现货市场因缺乏风险对冲手段,致使数据中心用电成本过高、盈利空间受限,削弱其参与市场的意愿,并制约电-算协同发展。为此,引入差价合约作为风险对冲工具,提出面向中长期与现货市场的数据中心聚合商博弈交易策略。首先,设计数据中心聚合商参与电力市场的三阶段购售电策略,通过合约锁定基础电价和电量,并结合现货电价,调整数据中心聚合商的购电量,以实现价格波动风险的对冲。其次,考虑数据中心时空迁移惩罚成本及对用户的补偿费用,并基于贡献度制定差异化的零售电价,引导数据中心调整用电策略、平衡经济性与用户服务质量。最后,分别以上层电网供应商净利润最大、中层数据中心聚合商净利润最大和下层数据中心运营商总成本最小为目标,构建三层博弈交易模型。算例分析结果表明,所提策略能够提升电网供应商和数据中心聚合商的收益、降低数据中心运营商的成本,实现电力与算力的全局协同优化。
Electricity market prices exhibit long-term volatility. The lack of risk-hedging means in the single spot market leads to excessively high electricity consumption cost and limited profit space for data centers
which weakens their willingness to participate in the market and restricts the coordinated electric power-computing power development. Therefore
the contract for difference is introduced as a risk hedging tool
and a game trading strategy for data center aggregators in the medium- and long-term and spot markets is proposed. First
a three-stage electricity purchase and sale strategy is designed for the data center aggregators to participate in the electricity market. The basic electricity price and electricity quantity are locked through the contract
and the electricity purchasing quantities of data center aggregators are adjusted according to the spot electricity price
realizing the hedging against price fluctuation risks. Second
considering the spatio-temporal migration penalty costs of data centers and compensation costs for users
the differential retail electricity price is set based on contributions
guiding data centers to adjust their electricity consumption strategies and balancing the economy and quality of service for users. Finally
a three-layer game trading model is constructed
with the objectives of maximizing the net profits of the upper-level power grid supplier and the middle-level data center aggregators
minimizing the total costs of the lower-level data center operator
respectively. Case analysis results show that the proposed strategy can improve the benefits of the power grid suppliers and data center aggregators and reduce the costs of data center operators
realizing the global coordinated optimization of electric power and computing power.
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发展改革委 能源局关于印发《电力中长期交易基本规则》的通知 [EB/OL].( 2020-06-10 )[ 2026-03-11 ]. https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2020/content_5532632.htm https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2020/content_5532632.htm .
Notice from the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration on “Basic Rules for Medium- and Long-term Electricity Trading ”[EB/OL]. ( 2020-06-10 )[ 2026-03-11 ]. https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2020/content_5532632.htm https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2020/content_5532632.htm .
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