Optimal Allocation Method for Centralized Backup Energy Storage of Data Center Clusters Under Shared Framework

LI Bingle; YE Chengjin; DING Yi; FAN Junqiu; TANG Xueyong

doi:10.7500/AEPS20250910003

English Version Journal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Optimal Allocation Method for Centralized Backup Energy Storage of Data Center Clusters Under Shared Framework

Computing Power-Electric Power Coordination | 更新时间：2026-10-10

- Optimal Allocation Method for Centralized Backup Energy Storage of Data Center Clusters Under Shared Framework
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 50, Issue 19, Pages: 124-135(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江大学电气工程学院，浙江省杭州市 310027
  2.贵州电网有限责任公司，贵州省贵阳市 550002
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(52477131);Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR25E070001);Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Project (No. [2025] General 021)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20250910003
  CLC：
- Received：10 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-04-03，
  
  Online First：24 June 2026，
  
  Published：10 October 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
厉炳乐,叶承晋,丁一等.共享架构下数据中心集群集中式备电储能优化配置方法[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(19):124-135.

LI Bingle,YE Chengjin,DING Yi,et al.Optimal Allocation Method for Centralized Backup Energy Storage of Data Center Clusters Under Shared Framework[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(19):124-135.
厉炳乐,叶承晋,丁一等.共享架构下数据中心集群集中式备电储能优化配置方法[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(19):124-135. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250910003.

LI Bingle,YE Chengjin,DING Yi,et al.Optimal Allocation Method for Centralized Backup Energy Storage of Data Center Clusters Under Shared Framework[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(19):124-135. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250910003.

摘要

人工智能和数字经济驱动算力需求快速增长，数据中心配置的不间断电源系统的备电储能容量也逐步增大，但其利用率却随着电网供电可靠性的提升呈下降趋势，对邻近的多个数据中心构成的集群进行集中备电的模式为解决这一矛盾提供了新的思路。然而，共享集中式备电储能容量配置问题涉及数据中心供电可靠性与储能经济性之间的权衡，缺乏先验知识。因此，提出了一种共享架构下数据中心集群的集中式备电储能优化配置方法。具体地，考虑数据中心配电系统多类型元件复合故障发生与修复的概率和时间统计特点以及源荷强不确定性波动，提出了一种基于序贯蒙特卡洛的可靠性评估框架，并设计了在供电优先级缺失以及网架存在环路情况下的数据中心集群本地故障管理策略，基于此实现了数据中心集群供电可靠性定量评估。进一步，以数据中心满足最低供电可靠性要求为约束，构建了面向成本最低的共享集中式备电储能配置模型，以实现储电容量与充放电功率定量优化。算例结果表明，配置共享集中式备电储能后，数据中心集群供电可靠性获得了提升，在相同的可靠性需求下，集中共享场景下储能总配置成本下降了75.1%，较各数据中心独立配置备电储能的模式经济性更强、储能利用率更高。

Abstract

Driven by the rapid growth in computing power demand due to artificial intelligence and digital economy

the backup energy storage capacity of uninterruptible power supply systems allocated in data centers is gradually increasing. However

its utilization rate shows a declining trend with the improvement in power grid supply reliability. The centralized backup mode for clusters formed by multiple adjacent data centers provides a new idea to address this contradiction. Nevertheless

the capacity allocation problem of shared centralized backup energy storage involves a trade-off between the power supply reliability of data centers and the economic efficiency of energy storage

lacking prior knowledge. Therefore

this paper proposes an optimal allocation method for centralized backup energy storage of data center clusters under a shared framework. Specifically

considering the probability and time statistical characteristics of the occurrence and repair of multi-type component composite faults in the power distribution system of data center as well as the strong uncertainty fluctuations of source and load

a reliability assessment framework based on sequential Monte Carlo is proposed. Furthermore

a local fault management strategy for data center clusters is designed to address the absence of power supply priority and the presence of loops in the grid structure. Based on this

a quantitative assessment of the power supply reliability of the data center cluster is achieved. Further

with the constraint that the data centers meet the minimum power supply reliability demand

a cost-minimization-oriented shared centralized backup energy storage allocation model is constructed to achieve quantitative optimization of energy storage capacity and charging/discharging power. The case study results indicate that after allocating shared centralized backup energy storage

the power supply reliability of the data center cluster is improved. Under the same reliability demand

the total allocation cost of energy storage in the centralized sharing scenario decreases by 75.1%

showing stronger economic efficiency and higher energy storage utilization compared with the mode where each data center independently allocating its backup energy storage.

关键词

Keywords

references

国家数据局 . 专家解读之一：建设国家数据基础设施，筑牢数字经济发展基石-国家数据局［EB/OL］.［ 2025-06-22 ］. https：//www.nda.gov.cn/sjj/zwgk/zjjd/0108/202501080840189258744 43_pc.html https://www.nda.gov.cn/sjj/zwgk/zjjd/0108/20250108084018925874443_pc.html .

National Data Administration . Expert interpretation Ⅰ： building national data infrastructure to consolidate the foundation of digital economy development ［EB/OL］. ［ 2025-06-22 ］. https：//www.nda.gov.cn/sjj/zwgk/zjjd/0108/20250108084018925874443_pc.html https://www.nda.gov.cn/sjj/zwgk/zjjd/0108/20250108084018925874443_pc.html .

陈晓红，曹廖滢，陈姣龙，等 . 我国算力发展的需求、电力能耗及绿色低碳转型对策［J］. 中国科学院院刊， 2024 ， 39 （ 3 ）： 528 - 539 .

Chen Xiaohong ， Cao Liaoying ， Chen Jiaolong ， et al . Development demand， power energy consumption and green and low-carbon transition for computing power in China ［J］. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences ， 2024 ， 39 （ 3 ）： 528 - 539 .

GB 50174—2017 数据中心设计规范［S］.

GB 50174—2017 Code for design of data centers ［S］.

王永真，唐豪，魏一鸣，等 . 中国数据中心综合能耗及其灵活性预测［J］. 北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）， 2025 ， 27 （ 2 ）： 12 - 18 .

Wang Yongzhen ， Tang Hao ， Wei Yiming ， et al . Comprehensive energy consumption and flexibility forecast of data centers in China ［J］. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology （Social Sciences Edition）， 2025 ， 27 （ 2 ）： 12 - 18 .

国家能源局 . 我国新型储能累计装机超100吉瓦时［EB/OL］.［ 2025-08-20 ］. https：//xbj.nea.gov.cn/dtyw/hyxx/202408/t20240830_268658.html https://xbj.nea.gov.cn/dtyw/hyxx/202408/t20240830_268658.html .

National Energy Administration . China’s cumulative new energy storage capacity exceeds 100 GW·h ［EB/OL］. ［ 2025-08-20 ］. https：//xbj.nea.gov.cn/dtyw/hyxx/202408/t20240830_268658.html https://xbj.nea.gov.cn/dtyw/hyxx/202408/t20240830_268658.html .

国家能源局 . 国家能源局召开2025年电力可靠性指标发布会［EB/OL］.［ 2025-05-21 ］. https：//www.nea.gov.cn/20250326/d3475c788eac4c2f985999257fe02b14/c.html https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250326/d3475c788eac4c2f985999257fe02b14/c.html .

National Energy Administration . National Energy Administration holds 2025 power reliability index press conference ［EB/OL］. ［ 2025-05-21 ］. https：//www.nea.gov.cn/20250326/d3475c788 eac4c2f985999257fe02b14/c.html https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250326/d3475c788eac4c2f985999257fe02b14/c.html .

国家发展改革委，国家能源局 . 关于有序推动绿电直连发展有关事项的通知［EB/OL］.［ 2025-12-22 ］. https：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202506/content_7026087.htm https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202506/content_7026087.htm .

National Development and Reform Commission ， National Energy Administration . Notice on orderly promoting the direct connection of green electricity development ［EB/O L］. ［ 2025-12-22 ］. https：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202506/content_7026087.htm https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202506/content_7026087.htm .

宋晓通，翁志鹏，周京华，等 . 基于多态不确定性全时序仿真的微电网可靠性评估与规划［J］. 高电压技术， 2020 ， 46 （ 5 ）： 1518 - 1527 .

Song Xiaotong ， Weng Zhipeng ， Zhou Jinghua ， et al . Reliability evaluation and planning of microgrid based on whole time sequence simulation of multi-state uncertainty ［J］. High Voltage Engineering ， 2020 ， 46 （ 5 ）： 1518 - 1527 .

Zhang J ， Liu J ， Chen L ， et al . Reliability evaluation of high permeability renewable energy distribution network considering energy storage charge and discharge strategy ［J］. Energy Reports ， 2023 ， 9 ： 361 - 368 .

巨云涛，周伟鹏，于宗民 . 考虑移动储能车提升系统供电可靠性的配电网规划方法［J］. 电力系统保护与控制， 2024 ， 52 （ 17 ）： 128 - 138 .

Ju Yuntao ， Zhou Weipeng ， Yu Zongmin . Distribution network planning method for improving power supply reliability considering mobile energy storage vehicles ［J］. Power System Protection and Control ， 2024 ， 52 （ 17 ）： 128 - 138 .

Yong P ， Zhang N ， Li Y W ， et al . Analytical adequacy evaluation for power consumers with UPS in distribution networks ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ， 2022 ， 13 （ 6 ）： 4424 - 4435 .

Yeh W C ， Lin Y C ， Chung Y Y ， et al . A particle swarm optimization approach based on Monte Carlo simulation for solving the complex network reliability problem ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Reliability ， 2010 ， 59 （ 1 ）： 212 - 221 .

Zhou T P ， Sun W . Optimization of battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage station in wind/solar generation system ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy ， 2014 ， 5 （ 2 ）： 408 - 415 .

吴盛军，李群，刘建坤，等 . 基于储能电站服务的冷热电多微网系统双层优化配置［J］. 电网技术， 2021 ， 45 （ 10 ）： 3822 - 3829 .

Wu Shengjun ， Li Qun ， Liu Jiankun ， et al . Bi-level optimal configuration for combined cooling heating and power multi-microgrids based on energy storage station service ［J］. Power System Technology ， 2021 ， 45 （ 10 ）： 3822 - 3829 .

曹华珍，徐蔚，张军，等 . 基于集群划分的点对点交易与共享储能协同规划运行［J］. 电力自动化设备， 2025 ， 45 （ 5 ）： 31 - 39 .

Cao Huazhen ， Xu Wei ， Zhang Jun ， et al . Coordinated planning and operation of peer-to-peer trading and shared energy storage based on cluster partitioning ［J］. Electric Power Automation Equipment ， 2025 ， 45 （ 5 ）： 31 - 39 .

谢雨龙，罗逸飏，李智威，等 . 考虑微网新能源经济消纳的共享储能优化配置［J］. 高电压技术， 2022 ， 48 （ 11 ）： 4403 - 4413 .

Xie Yulong ， Luo Yiyang ， Li Zhiwei ， et al . Optimal allocation of shared energy storage considering the economic consumption of new energy in microgrid ［J］. High Voltage Engineering ， 2022 ， 48 （ 11 ）： 4403 - 4413 .

李奇，李春霖，蒲雨辰，等 . 面向区域综合能源系统的电-氢共享储能容量优化配置［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2026 ， 50 （ 8 ）： 116 - 127 .

Li Qi ， Li Chunlin ， Pu Yuchen ， et al . Optimal capacity configuration of electricity-hydrogen shared energy storage for regional integrated energy systems ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2026 ， 50 （ 8 ）： 116 - 127 .

王继业，周春雷，李洋，等 . 数据中心关键技术和发展趋势研究综述［J］. 电力信息与通信技术， 2022 ， 20 （ 8 ）： 1 - 21 .

Wang Jiye ， Zhou Chunlei ， Li Yang ， et al . Review of key technologies and development trend of data center construction ［J］. Electric Power Information and Communication Technology ， 2022 ， 20 （ 8 ）： 1 - 21 .

程雷，杨根发 . 巴拿马电源在数据中心的应用分析与建议［J］. 电信工程技术与标准化， 2023 ， 36 （增刊1 ）： 173 - 178 .

Cheng Lei ， Yang Genfa . Application analysis and suggestion of Panama power supply in IDC ［J］. Telecom Engineering Technics and Standardization ， 2023 ， 36 （ S1 ）： 173 - 178 .

Ahmed K M U ， Bollen M H J ， Alvarez M . A review of data centers energy consumption and reliability modeling ［J］. IEEE Access ， 2021 ， 9 ： 152536 - 152563 .

左逢源，张玉琼，赵强，等 . 计及源荷不确定性的综合能源生产单元运行调度与容量配置两阶段随机优化［J］. 中国电机工程学报， 2022 ， 42 （ 22 ）： 8205 - 8214 .

Zuo Fengyuan ， Zhang Yuqiong ， Zhao Qiang ， et al . Two-stage stochastic optimization for operation scheduling and capacity allocation of integrated energy production unit considering supply and demand uncertainty ［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE ， 2022 ， 42 （ 22 ）： 8205 - 8214 .

王秉鑫，黎静华 . 基于动态模糊集的含源荷不确定性电力系统多时段分布鲁棒优化调度方法［J］. 电力自动化设备， 2025 ， 45 （ 11 ）： 115 - 122 .

Wang Bingxin ， Li Jinghua . Multi-period distributionally robust optimal dispatch method for power systems with source-load uncertainty based on dynamic fuzzy sets ［J］. Electric Power Automation Equipment ， 2025 ， 45 （ 11 ）： 115 - 122 .

王倩，李维展，李丰君，等 . 计及源荷不确定性的配电网可靠性高效评估方法［J］. 电工电能新技术， 2024 ， 43 （ 9 ）： 74 - 81 .

Wang Qian ， Li Weizhan ， Li Fengjun ， et al . Efficient reliability assessment method for distribution networks considering source-load uncertainty ［J］. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy ， 2024 ， 43 （ 9 ）： 74 - 81 .

蔡霁霖，郝丽丽，张柯琪 . 含可再生能源电力系统可靠性评估的非参数重要性分层抽样法［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2022 ， 46 （ 7 ）： 104 - 115 .

Cai Jilin ， Hao Lili ， Zhang Keqi . Nonparametric importance stratified sampling method for reliability assessment of power systems with renewable energy ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2022 ， 46 （ 7 ）： 104 - 115 .

Deb K ， Pratap A ， Agarwal S ， et al . A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm： NSGA-Ⅱ ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation ， 2002 ， 6 （ 2 ）： 182 - 197 .

刘元展 . 数据中心供配电系统可用性设计［D］. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学， 2015 .

Liu Yuanzhan . Design on availability of the power distibution system in data center ［D］. Harbin ： Harbin Institute of Technology ， 2015 .

王杨 . 基于时序蒙特卡洛模拟的微电网可靠性分析［D］. 重庆：重庆大学， 2014 .

Wang Yang . Reliability analysis of microgrid using sequential Monte Carlo simulation techniques ［D］. Chongqing ： Chongqing University ， 2014 .

王继东，许秋铭，黄婷，等 . 含共享储能的数据中心微网群分布式优化调度［J］. 电网技术， 2024 ， 48 （ 8 ）： 3238 - 3247 .

Wang Jidong ， Xu Qiuming ， Huang Ting ， et al . Distributed optimal scheduling of data center microgrids cluster with shared energy storage ［J］. Power System Technology ， 2024 ， 48 （ 8 ）： 3238 - 3247 .

ENTSO-E . Actual generation per production type ［EB/OL］. ［ 2025-05-21 ］. https：//transparency.entsoe.eu/generation/r2/actualGenerationPerProductionType/show https://transparency.entsoe.eu/generation/r2/actualGenerationPerProductionType/show .

Dong J ， Chen X ， Zhang J Q ， et al . Global path planning algorithm for USV based on IPSO-SA ［C］// 2019 Chinese Control and Decision Conference （CCDC）， 2019 .

Lagarias J C ， Reeds J A ， Wright M H ， et al . Convergence properties of the nelder—mead simplex method in low dimensions ［J］. SIAM Journal on Optimization ， 1998 ， 9 （ 1 ）： 112 - 147 .

Besl P J ， Mckay N D . A method for registration of 3D shapes ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence ， 1992 ， 14 （ 2 ）： 239 - 256 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Green Power Directly-connected Data Centers: Coupling Logic, Key Technologies, and Application Modes

Machine Learning Based Distributionally Robust Optimization and Coordinated Operation of Electric Power, Computing Power, and Thermal Power in Data Centers

Coordinated Scheduling of Computing Power and Electric Power in Data Centers Considering Adaptive Adjustment of Computing Resources

Construction and Application Practice of Guangdong Electricity Market Mechanism in China for New Power System

Practices and Recommendations of Market-based Capacity Adequacy Mechanisms for New Power Systems

Related Author

TANG Wenhu

LIANG Xiuzhuang

GUO Caishan

ZHANG Zeyu

CHEN Weiwei

DING Hao

TONG Jie

YI Chenle

Related Institution

School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology

Department of Distribution Network Planning Research, China Southern Power Grid Energy Development Research Institute

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University

China Electric Power Research Institute

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University

AI问答

⁰