Nonlinear Modeling and Bifurcation Behavior Analysis of Grid-forming MMC Under Multiple Operating Conditions Considering Limiter Switching

LIAO Fangqun; LIU Yuekun; LIU Hang; XIE Lubiao; WANG Juanjuan

doi:10.7500/AEPS20250904006

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Nonlinear Modeling and Bifurcation Behavior Analysis of Grid-forming MMC Under Multiple Operating Conditions Considering Limiter Switching

更新时间：2026-10-16

- Nonlinear Modeling and Bifurcation Behavior Analysis of Grid-forming MMC Under Multiple Operating Conditions Considering Limiter Switching
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Pages: 1-21(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司电力科研院，广东省广州市 510663
  2.华南理工大学电力学院，广东省广州市 510640
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Smart Grid-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0800905)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20250904006
  CLC：
- Received：04 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-23，
  
  Online First：23 June 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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廖芳群,刘岳坤,刘航等.考虑限幅切换的构网型MMC多工况非线性建模及分岔行为分析[J/OL].电力系统自动化, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250904006.

LIAO Fangqun,LIU Yuekun,LIU Hang,et al.Nonlinear Modeling and Bifurcation Behavior Analysis of Grid-forming MMC Under Multiple Operating Conditions Considering Limiter Switching[J/OL].Automation of Electric Power Systems, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250904006.
廖芳群,刘岳坤,刘航等.考虑限幅切换的构网型MMC多工况非线性建模及分岔行为分析[J/OL].电力系统自动化, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250904006. DOI：

LIAO Fangqun,LIU Yuekun,LIU Hang,et al.Nonlinear Modeling and Bifurcation Behavior Analysis of Grid-forming MMC Under Multiple Operating Conditions Considering Limiter Switching[J/OL].Automation of Electric Power Systems, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250904006. DOI：

摘要

构网型模块化多电平换流器（MMC）凭借其对弱电网的主动支撑能力和灵活调控特性，已成为新能源电力系统的关键接入装备。然而，构网型MMC的周期时变非线性特性与限幅机制耦合作用下的分岔失稳机理尚不明确，现有分析方法面临模型维度膨胀或切换过程过度简化的局限性。为此，文中基于切换特征的连续化近似方法构建了多工况下的构网型MMC非线性时变模型；其次，基于Poincaré映射将周期轨道小信号稳定性问题转化为超平面内不动点的小信号稳定性问题，结合自动微分及数值延拓方法解析了限幅参与下系统的环面分岔及折叠分岔演化规律，并通过参与因子法识别了影响系统分岔的关键环节，对分岔机理进行了阐释；随后，针对电网强度、功率同步环、电压环及电流环参数对分岔点的影响进行了详细讨论；最后，基于PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真模型验证了所提数学模型的正确性及分析结果的有效性。

Abstract

The grid-forming modular multilevel converter (MMC)

owing to its active support capability for weak grids and flexible control characteristics

has become a key interfacing equipment in the power system with renewable energy. Nevertheless

the bifurcation-induced instability mechanisms arising from the coupled effects of periodically time-varying nonlinear characteristics and limiter mechanisms remain unclear. Existing analysis methods face limitations such as model dimensionality explosion or oversimplification of switching processes. To address these challenges

this paper develops a nonlinear time-varying model of a grid-forming MMC under multiple operating conditions based on a method of continuous approximation for switching characteristics. Then

based on the Poincaré mapping

the small-signal stability problem of periodic orbits is reformulated as the local stability problem of fixed points on a hyperplane. In conjunction with automatic differentiation and numerical continuation methods

the evolution rules of Neimark-Sacker bifurcations and fold bifurcations with participation of limiter are analyzed. A participation factor method is further employed to identify the key links affecting system bifurcation

thereby explaining the bifurcation mechanism. Subsequently

the impacts of grid strength and the parameters of the power-synchronization loop

voltage loop

and current loop on the bifurcation points are discussed in detail. Finally

the correctness of the proposed mathematical model and the validity of the analysis results are verified by the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation model.

关键词

Keywords

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