Acoustic fingerprint recognition has emerged as a promising non-destructive approach for fault diagnosis in electrical equipment.To overcome the reliance on extensive experimental data and the lack of theoretical guidance for sensor placement

this paper proposes a finite element method(FEM)-based approach for acoustic fingerprint analysis of vacuum circuit breakers.Fault scenarios are simulated

and the modal characteristics of the spring operating mechanism are analyzed.The acoustic field is then computed through multiphysics coupling based on acceleration frequency responses

allowing the extraction of acoustic fingerprint features and the identification of optimal measurement locations under various fault conditions.A measurement strategy is further developed to ensure the reliability and quality of acquired signals.The results provide a theoretical foundation for predicting fault-related acoustic features and achieving efficient signal acquisition in circuit breaker diagnosis.