Analysis of Evolution Patterns and Mechanisms of Wanquan River Estuary Landforms under Extreme Flood Conditions

YANG Guangyao; HU Yue; JIANG Shanshan; CUI Cexuan; HUANG Rui

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.09.004

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Analysis of Evolution Patterns and Mechanisms of Wanquan River Estuary Landforms under Extreme Flood Conditions

更新时间：2026-10-10

- Analysis of Evolution Patterns and Mechanisms of Wanquan River Estuary Landforms under Extreme Flood Conditions
- PEARL RIVER Vol. 47, Issue 9, Pages: 34-43(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司，天津　300222
  2.河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院，江苏南京　210098
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.09.004
  CLC： TV122
- Received：14 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-02-04，
  
  Accepted：14 February 2026，
  
  Online First：25 February 2026，
  
  Published：25 September 2026
- 稿件说明：
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杨光耀，胡越，姜姗姗，等.极端洪水下万泉河口地貌演变规律与机理分析［J］.人民珠江，2026，47（9）：34-43.

YANG Guangyao,HU Yue,JIANG Shanshan,et al.Analysis of Evolution Patterns and Mechanisms of Wanquan River Estuary Landforms under Extreme Flood Conditions[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(09):34-43.
杨光耀，胡越，姜姗姗，等.极端洪水下万泉河口地貌演变规律与机理分析［J］.人民珠江，2026，47（9）：34-43. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.09.004.

YANG Guangyao,HU Yue,JIANG Shanshan,et al.Analysis of Evolution Patterns and Mechanisms of Wanquan River Estuary Landforms under Extreme Flood Conditions[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(09):34-43. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.09.004.

摘要

为明晰极端洪水作用下万泉河口拦门沙的地貌演变规律及动力机制，探索万泉河流域防洪和玉带滩保护治理方案，构建了万泉河口二维高精度水沙耦合模型，采用2024年台风“潭美”期间的实测洪痕与口门宽度数据完成模型验证。以50年一遇洪水为典型情景，模拟分析河口行洪过程中的水动力特征与地貌演变特征；在此基础上，进一步探究5～50年一遇洪水条件下入海口的冲淤响应规律，并开展口门初始宽度和洪量对行洪水位的影响分析。研究表明，万泉河口演变呈现“洪水冲刷拓宽-潮波回淤束窄”的循环演变模式，随着上游输沙减少，口门或将呈缓慢展宽趋势；口门宽度与洪峰流量呈近似线性相关关系，玉带滩的冲刷深度主要受洪水漫顶历时调控；口门初始宽度对近口段水位影响显著，而对上游河道水位的影响有限，洪量对河道水位影响不大。研究成果已应用于万泉河流域防洪规划。

Abstract

To elucidate the geomorphological evolution patterns and dynamic mechanisms of the sandbar at the Wanquan River Estuary under extreme flood conditions

and to explore scientifically sound and feasible flood control measures as well as protection and management strategies for the Yudai Shoal in the Wanquan River Basin

this study establishes a two-dimensional

high-precision hydrodynamic-sediment coupling model for the estuary. The model parameters and boundary conditions are calibrated based on the actual topographical and hydrological characteristics of the study area.Model validation is conducted using measured flood marks and estuarine mouth width data obtained from field surveys during Typhoon "Tanmei" in 2024. The results demonstrate that the model possesses high simulation accuracy and can effectively reproduce the hydrodynamic processes and geomorphological evolution of the Wanquan River Estuary under flood conditions. Focusing on a 50-year return period flood—a typical extreme hydrological scenario in the basin—the study simulates and analyzes the spatiotemporal variations in hydrodynamic factors such as flow velocity and water level

as well as the dynamic evolution of geomorphic features including erosion

deposition

and terrain elevation changes during flood discharge. Furthermore

the research scope is extended to floods with return periods ranging from 5 to 50 years

systematically examining the erosion and deposition response patterns of the estuary entrance under different flood magnitudes. Quantitative analysis is also conducted to assess the impacts of two key factors—initial mouth width and total flood volume—on flood water levels in the river channel.The results indicate that the geomorphological evolution of the Wanquan River Estuary exhibits a typical cyclic pattern characterized by "flood scouring and widening—tidal wave siltation and narrowing

" driven by the combined action of fluvial and marine dynamics. Against the backdrop of a continuous reduction in upstream sediment transport

the estuary mouth may lose the necessary sediment supply for siltation and narrowing

potentially leading to a long-term

gradual widening trend. Additionally

the width of the estuary mouth shows an approximately linear positive correlation with flood peak discharge. The scouring depth of the Yudai Shoal

a key geomorphic unit of the estuary

is primarily regulated by the duration of flood overtopping

with scouring intensity increasing as overtopping time extends. The initial mouth width significantly influences water levels in the near-estuary reach

with the narrowest initial width leading to a pronounced rise in water levels in this section. However

its impact on the upper river channel is limited and gradually diminishes along the course. Under the conditions considered in this study

total flood volume has a negligible effect on water level changes throughout the river channel.These findings provide important theoretical support and technical references for regional flood control planning

optimization of estuary regulation measures

and ecological protection of the Yudai Shoal in the Wanquan River Basin. They have been successfully applied to the revision and enhancement of the basin's flood control plans

demonstrating substantial engineering application value and practical significance.

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references

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