
重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆 400074
Received:08 January 2026,
Revised:2026-03-03,
Accepted:05 March 2026,
Online First:06 March 2026,
Published:25 June 2026
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李铃雯,钟亮,黎范,等.弯曲河道漂浮物阻滞作用下桥墩周围三维水流特性研究[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):92-104.
LI Lingwen,ZHONG Liang,LI Fan,et al.Study on Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics around Bridge Piers under the Obstruction of Floating Debris in Meandering Rivers[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):92-104.
李铃雯,钟亮,黎范,等.弯曲河道漂浮物阻滞作用下桥墩周围三维水流特性研究[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):92-104. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.009.
LI Lingwen,ZHONG Liang,LI Fan,et al.Study on Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics around Bridge Piers under the Obstruction of Floating Debris in Meandering Rivers[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):92-104. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.009.
山区中小河流中,漂浮物在弯曲河道桥墩前积聚并显著改变局部水流结构的现象较为常见。为研究漂浮物阻滞作用下桥墩周围水流特性,采用三维水流数值模拟方法,探讨了斜交角(
θ
)、弗劳德数(
Fr
)及阻水率(
S
w
)对桥墩附近水位及比降沿程分布和流速空间分布的影响规律。结果表明:①随着斜交角增大,桥墩对漂浮物的侧向拦截作用增强,加剧了局部壅水,在弯角
φ
=45~ 60°范围内,水位跌落现象更为显著,比降衰减程度增大,漂浮物的阻滞促进了垂向环流与侧向绕流,使流速分布在三维空间呈现明显各向异性;②高弗劳德数条件下,水流惯性增强抑制了壅水高度,而漂浮物的阻滞影响动能与势能之间的有效转换,导致能量向凸岸集中释放,引发局部强烈跌水与比降骤增,流速场呈现高梯度剪切特征,墩后回流区范围扩大且强度提高;③漂浮物的阻滞增强了桥墩的阻水作用,引起水位降幅加剧,比降变化存在滞后性;在垂向动量交换受限与紊动强度增大的共同作用下,流速空间结构发生重构,回流区范围持续扩展。研究成果可为山区中小河流桥梁防洪设计与水毁防治提供科学依据。
In mountainous medium and small rivers
floating debris frequently accumulates upstream of bridge piers located in curved channels
significantly altering the local flow structure. To investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics around bridge piers under debris-blocked conditions
a three-dimensional numerical model was developed to analyze the effects of the oblique angle (
θ
)
Froude number (
Fr
)
and blockage ratio (
S
w
) on the longitudinal water surface profile
surface gradient
and three-dimensional velocity distribution near bridge piers.The results indicate that the oblique angle plays a critical role in determining local backwater elevation. As the oblique angle increases
the lateral interception of floating debris by the pier intensifies
exacerbating local backwater and reducing the water surface gradient. Within the bend angle range of
φ
= 45~60°
the drawdown of the water surface becomes more pronounced
and the attenuation of the surface gradient is further amplified. Moreover
the presence of debris enhances vert
ical circulation and lateral flow diversion
prolongs the vertical adjustment of the flow
and results in a distinctly anisotropic velocity distribution. Under high Froude number conditions
increased flow inertia suppresses backwater development
leading to a reduced backwater height upstream of the pier and a notable increase in flow velocity around it. However
the obstruction caused by floating debris hinders the efficient conversion between kinetic and potential energy
causing a concentrated energy release toward the convex bank. This induces severe localized drawdown and a sharp increase in the water surface gradient. The velocity field exhibits high-gradient shear characteristics
with intensified velocity gradients in the middle layer and a weakened yet extended recirculation zone near the bed.Consequently
the recirculation region downstream of the bridge pier expands in both extent and intensity. The presence of floating debris amplifies the blocking effect of the pier
resulting in a more substantial water level drop and an increased disparity in surface gradients between the concave and convex banks. Under the combined influence of centrifugal force and pier resistance
variations in the water surface gradient along the convex bank exhibit a delayed response compared to those along the concave bank. Furthermore
under the coupled effects of constrained vertical momentum exchange and elevated turbulence intensity
the spatial structure of the velocity field is reconfigured
forming a vertically stratified pattern characterized by concentrated flow in the surface layer and attenuated flow near the bed
while the recirculation zone continues to expand. These findings provide a scientific basis for flood control design and mitigation of bridge damage in mountainous medium and small rivers.
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