“Affected by climate change and the intensification of human activities, extreme rainstorm events frequently occur in urban areas, and flood disasters put forward higher requirements for urban emergency services. The Shenzhen River Basin in Shenzhen City, as the study area, assessed the urban flood inundation risk under extreme rainstorm conditions by building a coupled model of watershed hydrology, river network one-dimensional hydrodynamics and regional two-dimensional hydrodynamics, compared and analyzed the impact of flood inundation on the accessibility of medical services, built an optimization model for the layout and location of emergency medical service points, and proposed the layout method of emergency medical service points under extreme rainstorm conditions with the goal of maximizing the reach range within 15 minutes after the newly added medical service points.”