Coordinated Multi-loop Control Design of VSM-controlled DFIGs in Wind Farm to Tackle Intra-machine Controller Interactions

Javier García-Aguilar; Aurelio García-Cerrada; Juan L. Zamora; Emilio J. Bueno; Elena Saiz; Almudena Muñoz-Babiano; Mohammad E. Zarei

doi:10.35833/MPCE.2025.000640

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Coordinated Multi-loop Control Design of VSM-controlled DFIGs in Wind Farm to Tackle Intra-machine Controller Interactions

Original Paper | 更新时间：2026-09-28

- Coordinated Multi-loop Control Design of VSM-controlled DFIGs in Wind Farm to Tackle Intra-machine Controller Interactions
- Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Vol. 14, Issue 5, Pages: 1756-1767(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.Institute for Research in Technology, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain
  2.Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
  3.Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology S.L, Madrid, Spain
- 作者简介：
  
  Javier García-Aguilar received the B.Sc. degree in electromechanical engineering and the M.Sc. degree in industrial engineering from Comillas Pontificial University, Madrid, Spain, in 2016 and 2018, respectively. He was a Research Assistant at the Institute for Research in Technology of the same university from September 2018 to June 2024, working on power-system-related projects and teaching laboratory sessions. His research interest includes grid integration of renewable energy. Email: jgaguilar@comillas.edu
  Aurelio García-Cerrada received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, in 1986, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic and electrical engineering from University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., in 1991. He is currently a Professor with the Electronics, Control Engineering and Communications Department and a Member of the Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontificial University, Madrid, Spain. His research interests include power electronics and its application to electric energy system. Email:aurelio.garcia@comillas.edu
  Juan L. Zamora received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Comillas Pontificial University, Madrid, Spain, in 1991 and 1997, respectively. He was a Postgraduate Student with the Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontificial University, from 1991 to 1997. Since 1997, he has been a Member of the Research Staff of the IIT, and a Lecturer with the Department of Electronics, Control Engineering and Communications, Comillas Pontificia University. His research interests include control engineering, power electronics, and robotics. Email:zamora@comillas.edu
  Emilio J. Bueno received the Ph.D. degree in electronics engineering from Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain, in 2005. Since 2019, he has been a Full Professor with the Department of Electronics at Alcalá University and a Co-supervisor of the Research Group on Electronics Engineering applied to Renewable Energies at the same university. His research interests include linear control of grid converter, power quality, distributed generation system, and medium-voltage converter topology. Email: emilio.bueno@uah.es
  Elena Saiz received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical power systems from Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain, in 2010 and 2015, respectively. She is currently with Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology S.L, Madrid, Spain. Her research interests include renewable generation integration and wind turbine. Email: elena.saiz@siemensgamesa.com
  Almudena Muñoz-Babiano is a Project Manager and Energy-storage Specialist with over 20 years of experience in R&D projects across the wind-energy, automotive, and power-systems sectors. She currently works at Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology S.L, Madrid, Spain. Her research interest includes development of electrical and technology roadmaps for energy storage system. Email:almudena.munoz@siemens-energy.com
  Mohammad E. Zarei received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, in 2009 and 2013, respectively, and Ph.D. degree from Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, in 2019. He is now with Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology S.L, Madrid, Spain. His current research interests include electrical machine, application of power electronics to renewable energy conversion, control and operation of wind turbine, stability analysis in microgrid, energy management system, and smart grid. Email:mohammad.zarei@siemens-energy.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.35833/MPCE.2025.000640
  CLC：
- Received：11 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-01，
  
  Accepted：10 March 2026，
  
  Online First：27 April 2026，
  
  Published：15 September 2026
- 稿件说明：
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García-Aguilar Javier,García-Cerrada Aurelio,Zamora Juan L.,et al.Coordinated Multi-loop Control Design of VSM-controlled DFIGs in Wind Farm to Tackle Intra-machine Controller Interactions[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2026,14(05):1756-1767.
DOI：

García-Aguilar Javier,García-Cerrada Aurelio,Zamora Juan L.,et al.Coordinated Multi-loop Control Design of VSM-controlled DFIGs in Wind Farm to Tackle Intra-machine Controller Interactions[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2026,14(05):1756-1767. DOI： 10.35833/MPCE.2025.000640.

摘要

Abstract

The displacement of synchronous generators by converter-interfaced renewable energy sources requires wind farms to provide inertia

damping

and voltage support

particularly in increasingly weak grids. Based on classical frequency-domain loop-shaping techniques

this paper presents a coordinated multi-loop control design methodology of virtual synchronous machine (VSM)-controlled doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) in a wind farm to tackle the intra-machine controller interactions. Starting from an initial tuning and a full small-signal linearisation

every local open loop is redesigned to meet explicit phase margin targets through a single and prioritised iteration. The resulting controllers achieve step responses and stability margins close to those programmed at the design stage

despite the cross-coupling between control loops. Results can be improved further if a few more design iterations are carried out. Since the controller synthesis relies exclusively on classical loop-shaping tools available in commercial simulation software

it is directly applicable to industrial-scale projects.

关键词

Keywords

references

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