Xuan Liu received the B.Eng. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2018, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA, in 2019 and 2024, respectively. He is currently an Engineer with State Grid Economic Technology Research Institute, Beijing, China. His research interests include electricity market, power system operation and planning, optimization theory and its application.e-mail: liuxuan@chinasperi.sgcc.com.cn

Antonio J. Conejo received the M.S. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA, in 1987, and the Ph.D. degree from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1990. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. His research interests include control, operation, planning, economics, and regulation of electric energy system, as well as statistics and optimization theory and its application.e-mail: conejo.1@osu.edu)).