Enlightenment from Spains “4·28” Blackout for Planning of Chinas New-type Power System

YANG Zhuodong; HAN Xiaonan; WANG Zhidong; JIANG Weiyong; XUE Biao; CHEN Qichao; MENG Jian

doi:10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001

English Version Journal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Enlightenment from Spains “4·28” Blackout for Planning of Chinas New-type Power System

更新时间：2026-05-20

- Enlightenment from Spains “4·28” Blackout for Planning of Chinas New-type Power System
- Vol. 54, Issue 5, Pages: 1-12(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  （国网经济技术研究院有限公司，）,北京,102209
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001
  CLC：
- Published：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨卓栋,韩晓男,王智冬,蒋维勇,薛彪,陈启超,孟健.西班牙“4·28”大停电事故对我国新型电力系统规划的启示[J].智慧电力,2026,54(5):1-12.

doi:10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001
杨卓栋,韩晓男,王智冬,蒋维勇,薛彪,陈启超,孟健.西班牙“4·28”大停电事故对我国新型电力系统规划的启示[J].智慧电力,2026,54(5):1-12. DOI： 10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001.

doi:10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001 DOI：

摘要

2025年4月28日，西班牙电网发生大规模停电事故，波及西班牙、葡萄牙及法国南部，超5 000万人受影响。事故的直接诱因是光伏电站的强迫振荡，并引发新能源机组因过电压连锁脱网，最终导致系统崩溃。深入分析表明，此次事故暴露了高比例新能源电力系统的多重深层隐患：一是电网无功补偿容量不足，无法就地平衡冗余无功；二是西班牙与欧洲主网互联薄弱，事故时难以获得有效支援；三是灵活调节资源建设严重滞后且与惯量失配，难以平抑功率缺额。在梳理事故过程与原因的基础上，结合我国新型电力系统建设现状，从优化规划思路、构建坚强网架、配置合理无功、完善涉网标准及提升灵活资源等方面，总结了其对于我国电网安全发展的深刻启示。

Abstract

On April 28

2025

a large-scale blackout occurred in the Spanish power grid

affecting Spain

Portugal

and southern France

with over 50 million people impacted. The direct cause of the incident was forced oscillations in photovoltaic power plants

which triggered a chain of overvoltage-induced disconnections of renewable energy units

ultimately leading to system collapse. In-depth analysis reveals that this accident exposed multiple underlying risks in power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy：first

insufficient reactive power compensation capacity in the grid

making it impossible to balance redundant reactive power locally; second

weak interconnection between Spain and the main European grid

preventing effective support during the incident; and third

a severe lag in the construction of flexible regulation resources and a mismatch with inertia

making it difficult to compensate for power deficits. Based on a review of the accident process and causes

and considering the current state of China's new-type power system construction

this paper summarizes profound lessons for the secure development of China's power grid

including optimizing planning approaches

constructing robust grid structures

configuring adequate reactive power

improving grid-connection standards

and enhancing flexible resources.

关键词

Keywords

references

SARA A M. Versión no confidencial del informe del comité para el análisis de las circunstancias que concurrieron en la crisis de electricidad del 28 de abril de 2025 [R ] .Spain：CSN （Consejo de Seguridad Nacional），2025.

DAVID A. Incidente en el Sistema Eléctrico Peninsular Español el 28 de abril de 2025 [R ] .Spain：REE （Red Eléctrica de España），2025.

ENTSO-E. Grid Incident in Spain and Portugal on 28 April 2025 [R ] .Belgium：ENTSO-E，2025.

舒印彪，汤涌，张正陵，等. 欧洲伊比利亚半岛电网“4·28”大停电事故分析及启示 [J ] .中国电机工程学报，2025，45（17）：6603-6612.

张智刚，康重庆. 碳中和目标下构建新型电力系统的挑战与展望 [J ] .中国电机工程学报，2022，42（8）：2806-2819.

娄奇鹤，李彦斌，赵宇尘，等. 适应极端事件的配电网弹性规划和投资策略研究综述 [J ] .电力建设，2024，45（5）：37-47.

安之，魏楠，刘斯伟，等. 基于生产模拟的新型输电网规划方案效率效益评价方法 [J ] .电网与清洁能源，2024，40（2）：73-83.

沈祎淳，彭弘毅，晏鸣宇. 高比例新能源接入的交直流混联配电系统分散协同调度方法 [J ] .智慧电力，2025，53（10）：36-43.

顼佳宇，王晓冰，李冰，等. 考虑灵活性资源配置的配电网光伏承载力评估方法 [J ] .电测与仪表，2025，62（02）：143-153.

张静，毕天姝，刘灏. 电力系统状态估计精度综合评价与分析体系 [J ] .电力系统保护与控制，2024，52（20）：12-24.

ENTSO-E. Analysis of CE Inter-area Oscillations of 1st December 2016 [R ] .Belgium：ENTSO-E，2017.

ENTSO-E. Continental Europe Synchronous Area Separation on 24 July 2021 [R ] .Belgium：ENTSO-E，2021.

Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. TED /749/2020 Requisitos técnicos para la conexión a la red necesarios para la implementación de los códigos de red de conexión[S ] .Spain：BOE，2022.

Real Decreto de Consejo de Ministros. RD /413/2014 Regula la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica a partir de fuentes de energía renovables，cogeneración y residuos[S ] .Spain：BOE，2024.

ENTSO-E. Power system needs in 2030 and 2040 [R ] .Belgium：TYNDP 2020，2021.

Francos P L，Verdugo S S，Álvarez H F，et al. INELFE Europe's first integrated onshore HVDC interconnection [C ] // 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting ，San Diego，CA，USA，2012.

ENTSO-E. Main Report [R ] .Belgium：TYNDP 2020，2021.

ENTSO-E. System Needs Study [R ] .Belgium：TYNDP 202

REE. Transmission network development plan 2021-2026 period [R ] .Spain：REE，2021.

ENTSO-E. Storage Projects Portfolio [R ] .Belgium：TYNDP 2020，2020.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

CNN-GNN-Koopman-based Distribution Network Voltage Dynamic Assessment Method Considering Demand Response

Impact of Rainstorm on Power Grid and its Online Blackout Defense Technology

Research on Effect of Security and Stability with Large- scale Renewable Energy Sources Integration on Shaanxi Power Grid

Research on Short Circuit Current Control in Multi-infeed DC Receiving Power Grid

Bi-level Multi-objective Optimization Strategy for Fault Recovery and Reconstruction of AC/DC Complex Distribution Networks

Related Author

CUI Mingjian

WU Lihong

TIAN Yunpeng

GAO Qiang

BI Minghuan

GENG Yan

SONG Xiaofang

WU Yongjun

Related Institution

State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute

Xi’an Jiaotong University

China Electric Power Research Institute Co.，Ltd.

College of Information Science and Technology，Hebei Agricultural University

AI问答

⁰