This paper proposes a three-level game-theoretic robust optimization model for virtual power plants(VPPs) that incorporates the spatio-temporal flexibility of loads. The model coordinately optimizes the spatio-temporal load flexibility and the dynamic security constraints of the distribution network. First
a three-level optimization framework is established: the upper level aims to maximize the profit of the distribution system operator
the middle level focuses on minimizing the risk of voltage violations
and the lower level pursues the optimal operation cost of the VPP. Then
an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on a Tent chaotic mapping strategy is employed to solve the model. Finally
simulations are carried out on the IEEE 33-node system. The results demonstrate that the proposed model
by optimizing unit commitment and reserve configuration
not only ensures system economy but also significantly enhances operational security. Specifically
it reduces the operation cost of the VPP
decreases the standard deviation of the load curve
and lowers the probability of voltage violations. This work provides a new pathway for the secure and economic operation of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy.
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