To address the collaborative optimization challenges in large-scale electric vehicle (EV) battery swapping scenarios within smart cities
such as low battery swapping response rates
high operational costs of battery charging and swapping stations (BCSS)
and the exacerbation of grid load peak-to-valley differences
a two-stage optimization strategy based on a cloud-based EV battery swapping scheduling system is proposed. First
a day-ahead reservation mechanism is introduced. It replaces traditional load forecasting with user-declared reservation data to ensure input information accuracy
and a five-dimensional interaction architecture of “vehicle-road-station-storage-dispatch” is constructed. Second
a two-stage sequential optimization model is established. The first stage aims to maximize the user swapping response rate
achieving vehicle guidance and demand distribution through EV-BCSS matching and station capacity assessment. The second stage
considering time-of-use electricity prices and charging feasible region (CFR) constraints
builds a station-level coordinated charging model aimed at minimizing BCSS charging costs
thereby smoothing grid load fluctuations. Finally
case studies under different scale scenarios verify that the proposed method can effectively improve the swapping response rate
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WU R Q,GUAN X,BAI Z L,et al. Innovative framework for EV charging and swapping stations:Optimizing distribution networks and carbon mitigation [J ] . Energy,2025,336:137966.
ZHANG M Z,YU S S,YU H L,et al. Dispatchable capacity optimization strategy for battery swapping and charging station aggregators to participate in grid operations [J ] . Energy Reports,2023,10:734-743.
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Related Author
LUO Boya
FENG Hao
YANG Jinlong
LUO Ming
WANG Mingshen
WU Huimin
ZHAO Ziheng
MA Jiawei
Related Institution
Xiamen University
State Grid Yan’an Power Supply Company,Yan’an
College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, Three Gorges University
(1. State Grid Electric Vehicle Service (Shaanxi) Co., Ltd.,Xian