小型车库内燃料电池车氢泄扩散的数值模拟

王浩泽; 夏玉珍; 胡桂林

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0700

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小型车库内燃料电池车氢泄扩散的数值模拟

更新时间：2026-10-15

- 小型车库内燃料电池车氢泄扩散的数值模拟
- Vol. 47, Issue 9, Pages: 123-130(2026)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
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- DOI：10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0700
  CLC： TK91
- Online First：10 October 2026，
  
  Published：2026
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王浩泽, 夏玉珍, 胡桂林. 小型车库内燃料电池车氢泄扩散的数值模拟[J]. 2026, 47(9): 123-130.
DOI：

王浩泽, 夏玉珍, 胡桂林. 小型车库内燃料电池车氢泄扩散的数值模拟[J]. 2026, 47(9): 123-130. DOI： 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0700.

摘要

为对小型家用车库中燃料电池车氢气泄漏的风险性做出评估

利用虚喷管模型计算出搭载35 MPa储氢罐的燃料电池车发生氢气泄漏后扩散的各种物理参数

以此作为Fluent模拟的边界条件。共模拟了车库门是否打开、进风口是否开启、不同排风口风速、排风口布局、自然风速和自然风向6种因素耦合的12种工况

并设置监测点

重点揭示不同通风方式对氢气扩散的影响。研究表明在车库门打开时

自然风在降低风险性方面比强制通风更有效

此外风向也会影响车库内氢气的扩散。车库门关闭时

强制通风对降低车库内危险氢气体积有一定作用

UDF（用户自定义函数

即排风风速=氢气质量分数×800 m/s）智能排风控制工况在30 s后展现出更好的排氢效果

其中分散式排风布局要优于集中式排风布局。

Abstract

To assess the risk of hydrogen leakage from fuel cell vehicles in small residential garages

this study employed a virtual nozzle model to calculate various physical parameters of hydrogen diffusion following leakage from a 35 MPa hydrogen storage tank. These parameters served as boundary conditions for Fluent simulations. A total of twelve working conditions were simulated by coupling six factors： garage door status （open/closed）

air intake vent status （open/closed）

varying exhaust vent velocity

exhaust vent layout

natural wind speed

and natural wind direction. Monitoring points were set up to reveal the influence of difterent ventilation modes on hydrogen diffusion. Key findings reveal that when garage doors are open

natural ventilation demonstrates superior risk mitigation compared to mechanical ventilation

with wind direction significantly influencing hydrogen diffusion patterns. Under closed-door conditions

mechanical ventilation reduces the hazardous hydrogen volume to some extent. Notably

the UDF （User-Defined Function）-controlled intelligent ventilation strategy （exhaust velocity=hydrogen mass fraction×800 m/s） demonstrates enhanced hydrogen removal efficiency after 30 seconds

with distributed ventilation layouts outperforming centralized configurations. This research provides critical insights for optimizing ventilation systems in hydrogen vehicle storage environments.

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