To balance the interests of energy operators and end-users while achieving low-carbon and economical operation of integrated energy systems (IES)
a Stackelberg game-based optimal scheduling method for hydrogen-containing integrated energy systems (HIES) considering source-load uncertainties is proposed. Based on Stackelberg game theory
a bi-level pricing model is constructed where the integrated energy operator (IEO) acts as the leader and the load aggregator (LA) as the follower. A robust optimization method with adjustable coefficients is adopted to quantify the uncertain parameters. To cope with the bi-level nested structure
multi-objective features and uncertain constraints of the model
a multi-objective optimization approach based on compromise programming is combined with the adaptive differential evolution (ADE) algorithm for bi-level game solution. Finally
a case study using data from the Chongli wind-solar-hydrogen coupled demonstration project is conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy enhances the operational security of energy networks and achieves balanced benefit distribution between IEO and LA.
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references
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