This study aims to maximize the comprehensive economic benefits of heat storage in the pipe network of a central heating system
and establishes a bi-level optimization model for the pipe network topology reconstruction scheme. The case optimization results show that after the pipe network topology reconstruction
the total volume of high-temperature heat medium in the return water pipe network can reach 2217-4185 m³
accounting for 34%-65% of the total volume
which significantly improves the heat storage capacity of the heating pipe network. Considering both the heat storage benefits and construction costs comprehensively
the optimal number of bypass branch configurations for the case is 9
and the comprehensive economic benefits of the project reach 2.6866 million yuan.
WANG J J, HUO S J, YAN R J, et al.Leveraging heat accumulation of district heating network to improve performances of integrated energy system under source-load uncertainties[J]. Energy, 2022, 252: 124002.
ZHANG Y C, JOHANSSON P, SASIC KALAGASIDIS A.Feasibilities of utilizing thermal inertia of district heating networks to improve system flexibility[J]. Applied thermal engineering, 2022, 213: 118813.
LI X, LI W M, ZHANG R F, et al.Collaborative scheduling and flexibility assessment of integrated electricity and district heating systems utilizing thermal inertia of district heating network and aggregated buildings[J]. Applied energy, 2020, 258: 114021.
LIN X J, MAO Y H, CHEN J Y, et al.Dynamic modeling and uncertainty quantification of district heating systems considering renewable energy access[J]. Applied energy, 2023, 349: 121629.
WU R H, LIN J Y, YU H, et al.Clean energy pipeline energy storage system and its economy[J]. Case studies in thermal engineering, 2024, 59: 104505.
WANG L Y, ZHANG S Q, FU Y, et al.Usable thermal energy stored in the district heating system for peak shaving: a dynamic simulation study[J]. Applied thermal engineering, 2024, 239: 122169.
DENG T Y, TIAN L, HU B, et al.Dynamic availability of energy storage in district heating networks for automatic generation control of a CHP plant[J]. Applied thermal engineering, 2021, 183: 116198.
GARCET J, DE MEULENAERE R, BLONDEAU J.Enabling flexible CHP operation for grid support by exploiting the DHN thermal inertia[J]. Applied energy, 2022, 316: 119056.
CIBIN N, TIBO A, GOLMOHAMADI H, et al.Machine learning-based algorithms to estimate thermal dynamics of residential buildings with energy flexibility[J]. Journal of building engineering, 2023, 65: 105683.
LIND J, MÖLLERSTRÖM E, AVERFALK H, et al. Energy flexibility using the thermal mass of residential buildings[J]. Energy and buildings, 2023, 301: 113698.
WANG L J, ZHAO J, XU Z H, et al.Integrated energy system optimal operation using data-driven district heating network model[J]. Energy and buildings, 2023, 291: 113100.
WANG J D, KONG F S, PAN B Q, et al.Low-order gray-box modeling of heating buildings and the progressive dimension reduction identification of uncertain model parameters[J]. Energy, 2024, 294: 130812.