Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-forming Photovoltaic Inverter Based on VSG

WANG Weian; ZHANG Pengkai; Lü Jing; WANG Han; CAI Xu; CHEN Siyu

doi:10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207

English Version Reader LoginJournal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-forming Photovoltaic Inverter Based on VSG

更新时间：2025-10-22

- Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-forming Photovoltaic Inverter Based on VSG
- Chinese Journal of Power Engineering Vol. 45, Issue 10, Pages: 1573-1585(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 上海交通大学电气工程学院,上海,200240
  2. 上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海,200090
  3. 上海电气集团输配电装备有限公司技术中心,上海,200072
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207
  CLC：
- Published Online：06 May 2025，
  
  Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王伟岸,张鹏凯,吕敬,王晗,蔡旭,陈思宇. 基于VSG的构网型光伏逆变器阻抗建模与稳定性分析动力工程学报, 2025, 45(10): 1573-1585 https://doi.

org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207
王伟岸,张鹏凯,吕敬,王晗,蔡旭,陈思宇. 基于VSG的构网型光伏逆变器阻抗建模与稳定性分析动力工程学报, 2025, 45(10): 1573-1585 https://doi. DOI： 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207.

org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207 DOI：

摘要

随着光伏发电渗透率的持续提高

光伏发电系统需具备构网能力。为满足限流需求

现有方法通常采用功率外环级联电压环、电流环的控制架构

或在控制环路中引入虚拟导纳环节。针对含虚拟导纳和电流内环的虚拟同步机(virtual synchronous generator

VSG)构网型光伏逆变器

开展阻抗建模与并网稳定性研究。首先

建立并验证了VSG控制下光伏逆变器的阻抗模型;其次

分析了功率外环参数、虚拟导纳环节参数与结构、低通滤波器截止频率等因素对光伏逆变器阻抗特性的影响;然后

基于广义奈奎斯特稳定判据和系统回路阻抗法研究了控制参数和电网强度对VSG构网型光伏逆变器小信号稳定性的影响规律。最后

利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了稳定性分析结论的正确性。结果表明:较小的虚拟电感值有利于系统在中低频段的稳定运行;适当增大虚拟导纳环节虚拟电阻和低通滤波器的截止频率可有效提升系统稳定裕度;在强电网条件下

构网型光伏逆变器系统可能面临低频振荡失稳风险。

Abstract

With continuous increase in penetration rate of photovoltaic (PV) generation

PV generation systems are required to possess grid-forming capability. To meet current limiting requirements

existing methods generally adopt control architectures with cascaded power outer loop

voltage loop and current loop

or introduce virtual admittance links in control loop. Impedance modeling and grid-connected stability of virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-based grid-forming PV inverters incorporating virtual admittance and current inner control loops were investigated. Firstly

the impedance model of the PV inverter under VSG control was established and validated. Secondly

the influence laws of key factors such as the power outer loop parameters

the parameters and structures of virtual admittance link and the cutoff frequency of low-pass filters on the impedance characteristics of the PV inverter were analyzed. Subsequently

based on the generalized Nyquist stability criterion and the system loop impedance method

the influence laws of control parameters and grid strength on the small-signal stability of VSG-based grid-forming PV inverters were investigated. Finally

the accuracy of stability conclusions was verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The results demonstrate that a smaller virtual inductance value facilitates stable operation in medium-low frequency bands; appropriately increasing both virtual resistance in virtual admittance link and cutoff frequency of low-pass filter can effectively enhance system stability margin; under strong grid conditions

the grid-forming PV inverter systems may encounter low-frequency oscillation instability risks.

关键词

Keywords

references

马宁宁, 谢小荣, 贺静波, 等. 高比例新能源和电力电子设备电力系统的宽频振荡研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(15): 4720-4731. MA Ningning, XIE Xiaorong, HE Jingbo, et al. Review of wide-band oscillation in renewable and power electronics highly integrated power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(15): 4720-4731.

刘忠, 张乐, 寇攀高, 等. 并网型风电-光伏-抽水蓄能-蓄电池系统容量优化配置[J]. 动力工程学报, 2023, 43(9): 1151-1159. LIU Zhong, ZHANG Le, KOU Pangao, et al. Capacity allocation optimization on grid connected system consisting of wind power, photovoltaic power, pumped storage and battery[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2023, 43(9): 1151-1159.

王祺, 张泽轲, 郭杰帅, 等. 新型电力系统主动构网机理与技术路径[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(2): 504-516. WANG Qi, ZHANG Zeke, GUO Jieshuai, et al. Mechanism and technical path of active grid-forming of new type power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(2): 504-516.

姚路锦, 王玮, 蔡玮, 等. 提升风电调频性能的源储协同控制策略[J]. 动力工程学报, 2023, 43(2): 126-135, 193. YAO Lujin, WANG Wei, CAI Wei, et al. Cooperative control strategy of source and storage for improving frequency regulation performance of wind power[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2023, 43(2): 126-135, 193.

PAWAR B, BATZELIS E I, CHAKRABARTI S, et al. Grid-forming control for solar PV systems with power reserves[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2021, 12(4): 1947-1959.

詹长江, 吴恒, 王雄飞, 等. 构网型变流器稳定性研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2358. ZHAN Changjiang, WU Heng, WANG Xiongfei, et al. An overview of stability studies of grid-forming voltage source converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2358.

FAN Bo, LIU Teng, ZHAO Fangzhou, et al. A review of current-limiting control of grid-forming inverters under symmetrical disturbances[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, 2022, 3: 955-969.

刘辉, 于思奇, 孙大卫, 等. 构网型变流器控制技术及原理综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(1): 277-296. LIU Hui, YU Siqi, SUN Dawei, et al. An overview of control technologies and principles for grid-forming converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(1): 277-296.

韩刚, 蔡旭. 虚拟同步发电机输出阻抗建模与弱电网适应性研究[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37(12): 116-122. HAN Gang, CAI Xu. Output impedance modeling of virtual synchronous generator and its adaptability study in a weak grid[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37(12): 116-122.

胡宇飞, 田震, 查晓明, 等. 构网型与跟网型变流器主导孤岛微网阻抗稳定性分析及提升策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(24): 121-131. HU Yufei, TIAN Zhen, ZHA Xiaoming, et al. Impedance stability analysis and promotion strategy of islanded microgrid dominated by grid-connected and grid-following converters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(24): 121-131.

XU Yunyang, NIAN Heng, WANG Yangming, et al. Impedance modeling and stability analysis of VSG controlled grid-connected converters with cascaded inner control loop[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(19): 5114.

刘龙, 胡彬, 王垚鑫, 等. 构网型变流器宽短路比范围适应性分析与提升[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2025, 49(2): 64-72. LIU Long, HU Bin, WANG Yaoxin, et al. Adaptability analysis and enhancement of grid-forming converter for wide-range short-circuit ratio[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2025, 49(2): 64-72.

赵统, 吴超, 王勇, 等. 频率自适应的构网型变流器宽频带谐波电压抑制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(1): 164-177. ZHAO Tong, WU Chao, WANG Yong, et al. A frequency-adaptive wide bandwidth harmonic voltage suppression strategy for grid-forming converters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(1): 164-177.

迟永宁, 江炳蔚, 范译文, 等. 构网型变流器: 控制与稳定特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2025, 51(4): 1527-1542. CHI Yongning, JIANG Bingwei, FAN Yiwen, et al. Grid-forming converters: control and behavior of stability[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2025, 51(4): 1527-1542.

雷雨, 李光辉, 王伟胜, 等. 跟网型和构网型新能源并网控制阻抗对比与振荡机理分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(1): 150-162. LEI Yu, LI Guanghui, WANG Weisheng, et al. Comparison of impedance characteristics and oscillation mechanism for grid following and grid forming renewable energy[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(1): 150-162.

蒙昌鑫, 王延旭, 王威儒, 等. 跟网/构网型控制交互下换流器中频特性分析及振荡抑制[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2025, 49(7): 68-79. MENG Changxin, WANG Yanxu, WANG Weiru, et al. Medium-frequency characteristic analysis and oscillation suppression of converter with interaction between grid-following and grid-forming control[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2025, 49(7): 68-79.

郑雨萱, 陈兰杭, 李先允, 等. 构网型变流器多环控制阻抗建模与稳定性分析[J]. 自动化与仪表, 2024, 39(3): 1-6. ZHENG Yuxuan, CHEN Lanhang, LI Xianyun, et al. Impedance modeling and stability analysis for multi-loop control of grid-forming converter[J]. Automation & Instrumentation, 2024, 39(3): 1-6.

刘欣, 郭志博, 贾焦心, 等. 基于序阻抗的虚拟同步发电机并网稳定性分析及虚拟阻抗设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(15): 4130-4146. LIU Xin, GUO Zhibo, JIA Jiaoxin, et al. Stability analysis and virtual impedance design of virtual synchronous machine based on sequence impedance[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(15): 4130-4146.

方正, 黄云辉, 严文博, 等. 构网型变流器功率同步控制稳定性机理分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(19): 101-108. FANG Zheng, HUANG Yunhui, YAN Wenbo, et al. Stability mechanism analysis of power synchronization control for grid-forming converters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48(19): 101-108.

王东泽, 孙海顺, 黄碧月, 等. 基于虚拟同步控制的电压源型直驱风电机组并网稳定性分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(8): 3282-3294. WANG Dongze, SUN Haishun, HUANG Biyue, et al. Analysis of grid-connected stability of voltage-source-type PMSG-based wind turbine based on virtual synchronous control[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2022, 48(8): 3282-3294.

HUANG Linbin, XIN Huanhai, WANG Zhen. Damping low-frequency oscillations through VSC-HVdc stations operated as virtual synchronous machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(6): 5803-5818.

QU Zisen, PENG J C H, YANG Huan, et al. Modeling and analysis of inner controls effects on damping and synchronizing torque components in VSG-controlled converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2021, 36(1): 488-499.

刘朋印, 谢小荣, 李原, 等. 构网型控制改善跟网型变流器次/超同步振荡稳定性的机理和特性分析[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48(3): 990-997. LIU Pengyin, XIE Xiaorong, LI Yuan, et al. Mechanism and characteristics of grid-forming control for improving sub/super synchronous oscillation stability of grid-following-based grid-connected converter[J]. Power System Technology, 2024, 48(3): 990-997.

GONG Hong, WANG Xiongfei. Interaction analysis and enhanced design of grid-forming control with hybrid synchronization and virtual admittance loops[J]. iEnergy, 2023, 2(1): 71-84.

WANG Shike, LIU Zeng, LIU Jinjun. Modeling of D-Q small-signal impedance of virtual synchronous generator[C]//Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC). Shenzhen, China: IEEE, 2018: 1-6.

XIONG Xiaoling, LI Xinyue, LUO Bochen, et al. An additional damping torque method for low-frequency stability enhancement of virtual synchronous generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2024, 39(12): 15858-15869.

XIAO Huangqing, HE Hongliang, ZHANG Lidong, et al. Adaptive grid-synchronization based grid-forming control for voltage source converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2024, 39(2): 4763-4766.

许诘翊, 刘威, 刘树, 等. 电力系统变流器构网控制技术的现状与发展趋势[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(9): 3586-3594. XU Jieyi, LIU Wei, LIU Shu, et al. Current state and development trends of power system converter grid-forming control technology[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(9): 3586-3594.

ZONG Haoxiang, LYU Jing, CAI Xu, et al. Accurate aggregated modelling of wind farm systems in modified sequence domain for stability analysis[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2019, 175: 105928.

ZHANG Chen, CAI Xu, RYGG A, et al. Sequence domain SISO equivalent models of a grid-tied voltage source converter system for small-signal stability analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2018, 33(2): 741-749.

LI Fujian, MA Jin. Stability studies of grid-forming and grid-following inverter penetrated systems with different external power system models[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2024, 39(5): 2580-2591.

RYGG A, MOLINAS M, ZHANG Chen, et al. A modified sequence-domain impedance definition and its equivalence to the dq-domain impedance definition for the stability analysis of AC power electronic systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2016, 4(4): 1383-1396.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Virtual Synchronous Control and Engineering Demonstration of Grid-forming Wind-storage Integrated Unit with Additional Energy Storage on DC Side

Related Author

ZHANG Chengyi

LIU Hang

LIU Chuanliang

HAN Feng

YANG Jianlin

FENG Zhenjiang

LI Chun

LI Shujun

Related Institution

Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd.

School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering

China United Gas Turbine Technology Co., Ltd.

Yatu New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

AI问答

⁰