Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-forming Photovoltaic Inverter Based on VSG

WANG Weian; ZHANG Pengkai; Lü Jing; WANG Han; CAI Xu; CHEN Siyu

doi:10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207

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Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-forming Photovoltaic Inverter Based on VSG

更新时间：2026-10-10

- Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Grid-forming Photovoltaic Inverter Based on VSG
- Chinese Journal of Power Engineering Vol. 45, Issue 10, Pages: 1573-1585(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 上海交通大学电气工程学院,上海,200240
  2. 上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海,200090
  3. 上海电气集团输配电装备有限公司技术中心,上海,200072
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207
  CLC：
- Online First：06 May 2025，
  
  Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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王伟岸,张鹏凯,吕敬,王晗,蔡旭,陈思宇. 基于VSG的构网型光伏逆变器阻抗建模与稳定性分析动力工程学报, 2025, 45(10): 1573-1585 https://doi.

org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207
王伟岸,张鹏凯,吕敬,王晗,蔡旭,陈思宇. 基于VSG的构网型光伏逆变器阻抗建模与稳定性分析动力工程学报, 2025, 45(10): 1573-1585 https://doi. DOI： 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207.

org/10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250207 DOI：

摘要

随着光伏发电渗透率的持续提高

光伏发电系统需具备构网能力。为满足限流需求

现有方法通常采用功率外环级联电压环、电流环的控制架构

或在控制环路中引入虚拟导纳环节。针对含虚拟导纳和电流内环的虚拟同步机(virtual synchronous generator

VSG)构网型光伏逆变器

开展阻抗建模与并网稳定性研究。首先

建立并验证了VSG控制下光伏逆变器的阻抗模型;其次

分析了功率外环参数、虚拟导纳环节参数与结构、低通滤波器截止频率等因素对光伏逆变器阻抗特性的影响;然后

基于广义奈奎斯特稳定判据和系统回路阻抗法研究了控制参数和电网强度对VSG构网型光伏逆变器小信号稳定性的影响规律。最后

利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了稳定性分析结论的正确性。结果表明:较小的虚拟电感值有利于系统在中低频段的稳定运行;适当增大虚拟导纳环节虚拟电阻和低通滤波器的截止频率可有效提升系统稳定裕度;在强电网条件下

构网型光伏逆变器系统可能面临低频振荡失稳风险。

Abstract

With continuous increase in penetration rate of photovoltaic (PV) generation

PV generation systems are required to possess grid-forming capability. To meet current limiting requirements

existing methods generally adopt control architectures with cascaded power outer loop

voltage loop and current loop

or introduce virtual admittance links in control loop. Impedance modeling and grid-connected stability of virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-based grid-forming PV inverters incorporating virtual admittance and current inner control loops were investigated. Firstly

the impedance model of the PV inverter under VSG control was established and validated. Secondly

the influence laws of key factors such as the power outer loop parameters

the parameters and structures of virtual admittance link and the cutoff frequency of low-pass filters on the impedance characteristics of the PV inverter were analyzed. Subsequently

based on the generalized Nyquist stability criterion and the system loop impedance method

the influence laws of control parameters and grid strength on the small-signal stability of VSG-based grid-forming PV inverters were investigated. Finally

the accuracy of stability conclusions was verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The results demonstrate that a smaller virtual inductance value facilitates stable operation in medium-low frequency bands; appropriately increasing both virtual resistance in virtual admittance link and cutoff frequency of low-pass filter can effectively enhance system stability margin; under strong grid conditions

the grid-forming PV inverter systems may encounter low-frequency oscillation instability risks.

关键词

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references

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