Improved protection method for modular multilevel converter-based DC transformers using DC modulation ratio compensation

LI Chunyan; HUANG Huimin; ZHAO Chenxi; LI Wenyan; ZENG Hao; JIANG Tianyan

doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260288

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Improved protection method for modular multilevel converter-based DC transformers using DC modulation ratio compensation

更新时间：2026-10-15

- Improved protection method for modular multilevel converter-based DC transformers using DC modulation ratio compensation
- Power System Protection and Control Vol. 54, Issue 20, (2026)
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- DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260288
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- Published：2026
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LI Chunyan, HUANG Huimin, ZHAO Chenxi, et al. Improved protection method for modular multilevel converter-based DC transformers using DC modulation ratio compensation[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(20).
DOI：

LI Chunyan, HUANG Huimin, ZHAO Chenxi, et al. Improved protection method for modular multilevel converter-based DC transformers using DC modulation ratio compensation[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(20). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.260288.

摘要

采用负压控制实现模块化多电平换流器型高压直流变压器(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current transformer

M-HVDCT)故障穿越时，会造成传统直流电流微分量保护误判以及漏电流保护灵敏度下降。针对以上问题，提出了一种基于直流调制比补偿的M-HVDCT改进保护方法。首先，开展M-HVDCT的直流故障特征分析，提出采用基于负压控制的故障穿越控制的必要性。其次，研究故障穿越控制对故障电流特征的影响规律，揭示故障穿越控制下M-HVDCT直流电流微分量极性反转、漏电流减小，导致传统保护可靠性和灵敏性下降的特征。然后，提出通过直流调制比修正电流微分量和漏电流特征，恢复保护判据的有效性。最后，基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建基于M-HVDCT的直流系统，对故障穿越工况下的改进保护方法性能进行验证。结果表明该方法能消除故障穿越控制对传统保护的不利影响，提升保护可靠性和灵敏性，且无需额外硬件，实现简单、可靠性高。

Abstract

The application of negative-voltage control for fault ride-through (FRT) of modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct-current transformers (M-HVDCTs) may cause misoperation of conventional DC current derivative protection and reduce the sensitivity of leakage current protection. To address these issues

an improved protection method based on DC modulation ratio compensation is proposed for M-HVDCTs. First

the DC fault characteristics of M-HVDCTs are analyzed

and the necessity of adopting negative-voltage-control-based FRT strategy is demonstrated. Then

the influence law of FRT control on fault current characteristics is investigated

revealing that the polarity reversal of the DC current derivative and the reduction of leakage current under FRT conditions degrade the reliability and sensitivity of conventional protection. Subsequently

a compensation method based on the DC modulation ratio is proposed to correct the characteristics of the current derivative and leakage current

thereby restoring the effectiveness of the protection criteria. Finally

a DC system based on an M-HVDCT is established in the PSCAD/EMTDC platform to verify the performance of the improved protection method under FRT conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method eliminates the adverse effects of FRT control on conventional protection

improves protection reliability and sensitivity

requires no additional hardware

and features simple implementation and high reliability.

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references

YANG Z, WANG H, LIAO W, et al. Protection challenges and solutions for AC systems with renewable energy sources: a review[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2025, 10(1): 18-39.

HUANG X, SUN Y, NING G, et al. Single-stage switched- capacitor integrated DC transformer for DC distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2025, 40(11): 17234-17245.

ZHANG T, YAO J, LIN Y, et al. Impact of control interaction of wind farm with MMC-HVDC transmission system on distance protection adaptability under symmetric fault[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2025, 10(2): 83-101.

MA Y, ZHAO B, CUI B, et al. An IGCT-series-based DC transformer with quasi-zero switching loss modulation by minimum backflow power injection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(12): 15566-15578.

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